path: root/kike.c

/*
 * kike.c: the experimental IRC daemon
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014 - 2016, Přemysl Janouch <p.janouch@gmail.com>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 * OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include "config.h"
#define PROGRAM_NAME "kike"

#define WANT_SYSLOG_LOGGING
#include "common.c"
#include "kike-replies.c"
#include <nl_types.h>

enum { PIPE_READ, PIPE_WRITE };

// FIXME: don't use time_t to compute time deltas

// --- Configuration (application-specific) ------------------------------------

// Just get rid of the crappiest ciphers available by default
#define DEFAULT_CIPHERS "DEFAULT:!MEDIUM:!LOW"

static struct simple_config_item g_config_table[] =
{
	{ "pid_file",        NULL,              "Path or name of the PID file"   },
	{ "server_name",     NULL,              "Server name"                    },
	{ "server_info",     "My server",       "Brief server description"       },
	{ "motd",            NULL,              "MOTD filename"                  },
	{ "catalog",         NULL,              "catgets localization catalog"   },

	{ "bind_host",       NULL,              "Address of the IRC server"      },
	{ "bind_port",       "6667",            "Port of the IRC server"         },
	{ "tls_cert",        NULL,              "Server TLS certificate (PEM)"   },
	{ "tls_key",         NULL,              "Server TLS private key (PEM)"   },
	{ "tls_ciphers",     DEFAULT_CIPHERS,   "OpenSSL cipher list"            },

	{ "operators",       NULL,              "IRCop TLS cert. fingerprints"   },

	{ "max_connections", "0",               "Global connection limit"        },
	{ "ping_interval",   "180",             "Interval between PING's (sec)"  },
	{ NULL,              NULL,              NULL                             }
};

// --- Signals -----------------------------------------------------------------

static int g_signal_pipe[2];            ///< A pipe used to signal... signals

/// Program termination has been requested by a signal
static volatile sig_atomic_t g_termination_requested;

static void
sigterm_handler (int signum)
{
	(void) signum;

	g_termination_requested = true;

	int original_errno = errno;
	if (write (g_signal_pipe[1], "t", 1) == -1)
		soft_assert (errno == EAGAIN);
	errno = original_errno;
}

static void
setup_signal_handlers (void)
{
	if (pipe (g_signal_pipe) == -1)
		exit_fatal ("%s: %s", "pipe", strerror (errno));

	set_cloexec (g_signal_pipe[0]);
	set_cloexec (g_signal_pipe[1]);

	// So that the pipe cannot overflow; it would make write() block within
	// the signal handler, which is something we really don't want to happen.
	// The same holds true for read().
	set_blocking (g_signal_pipe[0], false);
	set_blocking (g_signal_pipe[1], false);

	signal (SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);

	struct sigaction sa;
	sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
	sigemptyset (&sa.sa_mask);
	sa.sa_handler = sigterm_handler;
	if (sigaction (SIGINT, &sa, NULL) == -1
	 || sigaction (SIGTERM, &sa, NULL) == -1)
		exit_fatal ("%s: %s", "sigaction", strerror (errno));
}

// --- Rate limiter ------------------------------------------------------------

struct flood_detector
{
	unsigned interval;                  ///< Interval for the limit
	unsigned limit;                     ///< Maximum number of events allowed

	time_t *timestamps;                 ///< Timestamps of last events
	unsigned pos;                       ///< Index of the oldest event
};

static void
flood_detector_init (struct flood_detector *self,
	unsigned interval, unsigned limit)
{
	self->interval = interval;
	self->limit = limit;
	self->timestamps = xcalloc (limit + 1, sizeof *self->timestamps);
	self->pos = 0;
}

static void
flood_detector_free (struct flood_detector *self)
{
	free (self->timestamps);
}

static bool
flood_detector_check (struct flood_detector *self)
{
	time_t now = time (NULL);
	self->timestamps[self->pos++] = now;
	if (self->pos > self->limit)
		self->pos = 0;

	time_t begin = now - self->interval;
	size_t count = 0;
	for (size_t i = 0; i <= self->limit; i++)
		if (self->timestamps[i] >= begin)
			count++;
	return count <= self->limit;
}

// --- IRC token validation ----------------------------------------------------

// Use the enum only if applicable and a simple boolean isn't sufficient.

enum validation_result
{
	VALIDATION_OK,
	VALIDATION_ERROR_EMPTY,
	VALIDATION_ERROR_TOO_LONG,
	VALIDATION_ERROR_INVALID
};

// Everything as per RFC 2812
#define IRC_MAX_NICKNAME          9
#define IRC_MAX_HOSTNAME         63
#define IRC_MAX_CHANNEL_NAME     50
#define IRC_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH  510

static bool
irc_regex_match (const char *regex, const char *s)
{
	static struct str_map cache;
	static bool initialized;

	if (!initialized)
	{
		regex_cache_init (&cache);
		initialized = true;
	}

	struct error *e = NULL;
	bool result = regex_cache_match (&cache, regex,
		REG_EXTENDED | REG_NOSUB, s, &e);
	hard_assert (!e);
	return result;
}

static const char *
irc_validate_to_str (enum validation_result result)
{
	switch (result)
	{
	case VALIDATION_OK:              return "success";
	case VALIDATION_ERROR_EMPTY:     return "the value is empty";
	case VALIDATION_ERROR_INVALID:   return "invalid format";
	case VALIDATION_ERROR_TOO_LONG:  return "the value is too long";
	default:                         abort ();
	}
}

// Anything to keep it as short as possible
#define SN "[0-9A-Za-z][-0-9A-Za-z]*[0-9A-Za-z]*"
#define N4 "[0-9]{1,3}"
#define N6 "[0-9ABCDEFabcdef]{1,}"

#define LE "A-Za-z"
#define SP "][\\\\`_^{|}"

static enum validation_result
irc_validate_hostname (const char *hostname)
{
	if (!*hostname)
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_EMPTY;
	if (!irc_regex_match ("^" SN "(\\." SN ")*$", hostname))
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_INVALID;
	if (strlen (hostname) > IRC_MAX_HOSTNAME)
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_TOO_LONG;
	return VALIDATION_OK;
}

static bool
irc_is_valid_hostaddr (const char *hostaddr)
{
	if (irc_regex_match ("^" N4 "\\." N4 "\\." N4 "\\." N4 "$", hostaddr)
	 || irc_regex_match ("^" N6 ":" N6 ":" N6 ":" N6 ":"
		N6 ":" N6 ":" N6 ":" N6 "$", hostaddr)
	 || irc_regex_match ("^0:0:0:0:0:(0|[Ff]{4}):"
		N4 "\\." N4 "\\." N4 "\\." N4 "$", hostaddr))
		return true;
	return false;
}

static bool
irc_is_valid_host (const char *host)
{
	return irc_validate_hostname (host) == VALIDATION_OK
		|| irc_is_valid_hostaddr (host);
}

static bool
irc_is_valid_user (const char *user)
{
	return irc_regex_match ("^[^\r\n @]+$", user);
}

static bool
irc_validate_nickname (const char *nickname)
{
	if (!*nickname)
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_EMPTY;
	if (!irc_regex_match ("^[" SP LE "][" SP LE "0-9-]*$", nickname))
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_INVALID;
	if (strlen (nickname) > IRC_MAX_NICKNAME)
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_TOO_LONG;
	return VALIDATION_OK;
}

static enum validation_result
irc_validate_channel_name (const char *channel_name)
{
	if (!*channel_name)
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_EMPTY;
	if (*channel_name != '#' || strpbrk (channel_name, "\7\r\n ,:"))
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_INVALID;
	if (strlen (channel_name) > IRC_MAX_CHANNEL_NAME)
		return VALIDATION_ERROR_TOO_LONG;
	return VALIDATION_OK;
}

static bool
irc_is_valid_key (const char *key)
{
	// XXX: should be 7-bit as well but whatever
	return irc_regex_match ("^[^\r\n\f\t\v ]{1,23}$", key);
}

#undef SN
#undef N4
#undef N6

#undef LE
#undef SP

static bool
irc_is_valid_user_mask (const char *mask)
{
	return irc_regex_match ("^[^!@]+![^!@]+@[^@!]+$", mask);
}

static bool
irc_is_valid_fingerprint (const char *fp)
{
	return irc_regex_match ("^[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$", fp);
}

// --- Clients (equals users) --------------------------------------------------

#define IRC_SUPPORTED_USER_MODES "aiwros"

enum
{
	IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE          = (1 << 0),
	IRC_USER_MODE_RX_WALLOPS         = (1 << 1),
	IRC_USER_MODE_RESTRICTED         = (1 << 2),
	IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR           = (1 << 3),
	IRC_USER_MODE_RX_SERVER_NOTICES  = (1 << 4)
};

enum
{
	IRC_CAP_MULTI_PREFIX             = (1 << 0),
	IRC_CAP_INVITE_NOTIFY            = (1 << 1),
	IRC_CAP_ECHO_MESSAGE             = (1 << 2),
	IRC_CAP_USERHOST_IN_NAMES        = (1 << 3)
};

struct client
{
	LIST_HEADER (struct client)
	struct server_context *ctx;         ///< Server context

	time_t opened;                      ///< When the connection was opened
	size_t n_sent_messages;             ///< Number of sent messages total
	size_t sent_bytes;                  ///< Number of sent bytes total
	size_t n_received_messages;         ///< Number of received messages total
	size_t received_bytes;              ///< Number of received bytes total

	int socket_fd;                      ///< The TCP socket
	struct str read_buffer;             ///< Unprocessed input
	struct str write_buffer;            ///< Output yet to be sent out

	struct poller_fd socket_event;      ///< The socket can be read/written to
	struct poller_timer ping_timer;     ///< We should send a ping
	struct poller_timer timeout_timer;  ///< Connection seems to be dead
	struct poller_timer kill_timer;     ///< Hard kill timeout

	unsigned long cap_version;          ///< CAP protocol version
	unsigned caps_enabled;              ///< Enabled capabilities

	unsigned initialized     : 1;       ///< Has any data been received yet?
	unsigned cap_negotiating : 1;       ///< Negotiating capabilities
	unsigned registered      : 1;       ///< The user has registered
	unsigned closing_link    : 1;       ///< Closing link
	unsigned half_closed     : 1;       ///< Closing link: conn. is half-closed

	unsigned ssl_rx_want_tx  : 1;       ///< SSL_read() wants to write
	unsigned ssl_tx_want_rx  : 1;       ///< SSL_write() wants to read
	SSL *ssl;                           ///< SSL connection
	char *ssl_cert_fingerprint;         ///< Client certificate fingerprint

	char *nickname;                     ///< IRC nickname (main identifier)
	char *username;                     ///< IRC username
	char *realname;                     ///< IRC realname (e-mail)

	char *hostname;                     ///< Hostname shown to the network
	char *port;                         ///< Port of the peer as a string
	char *address;                      ///< Full address

	unsigned mode;                      ///< User's mode
	char *away_message;                 ///< Away message
	time_t last_active;                 ///< Last PRIVMSG, to get idle time
	struct str_map invites;             ///< Channel invitations by operators
	struct flood_detector antiflood;    ///< Flood detector

	struct async_getnameinfo *gni;      ///< Backwards DNS resolution
	struct poller_timer gni_timer;      ///< Backwards DNS resolution timeout
};

static struct client *
client_new (void)
{
	struct client *self = xcalloc (1, sizeof *self);
	self->socket_fd = -1;
	str_init (&self->read_buffer);
	str_init (&self->write_buffer);
	self->cap_version = 301;
	// TODO: make this configurable and more fine-grained
	flood_detector_init (&self->antiflood, 10, 20);
	str_map_init (&self->invites);
	self->invites.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;
	return self;
}

static void
client_destroy (struct client *self)
{
	if (!soft_assert (self->socket_fd == -1))
		xclose (self->socket_fd);
	if (self->ssl)
		SSL_free (self->ssl);

	str_free (&self->read_buffer);
	str_free (&self->write_buffer);

	free (self->nickname);
	free (self->username);
	free (self->realname);

	free (self->hostname);
	free (self->port);
	free (self->address);

	free (self->away_message);
	flood_detector_free (&self->antiflood);
	str_map_free (&self->invites);

	if (self->gni)
		async_cancel (&self->gni->async);
	free (self);
}

static void client_close_link (struct client *c, const char *reason);
static void client_kill (struct client *c, const char *reason);
static void client_send (struct client *, const char *, ...)
	ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF (2, 3);
static void client_cancel_timers (struct client *);
static void client_set_kill_timer (struct client *);
static void client_update_poller (struct client *, const struct pollfd *);

// --- Channels ----------------------------------------------------------------

#define IRC_SUPPORTED_CHAN_MODES "ov" "beI" "imnqpst" "kl"

enum
{
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_INVITE_ONLY      = (1 << 0),
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_MODERATED        = (1 << 1),
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_NO_OUTSIDE_MSGS  = (1 << 2),
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_QUIET            = (1 << 3),
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE          = (1 << 4),
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET           = (1 << 5),
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_PROTECTED_TOPIC  = (1 << 6),

	IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR         = (1 << 7),
	IRC_CHAN_MODE_VOICE            = (1 << 8)
};

struct channel_user
{
	LIST_HEADER (struct channel_user)

	unsigned modes;
	struct client *c;
};

struct channel
{
	struct server_context *ctx;         ///< Server context

	char *name;                         ///< Channel name
	unsigned modes;                     ///< Channel modes
	char *key;                          ///< Channel key
	long user_limit;                    ///< User limit or -1
	time_t created;                     ///< Creation time

	char *topic;                        ///< Channel topic
	char *topic_who;                    ///< Who set the topic
	time_t topic_time;                  ///< When the topic was set

	struct channel_user *users;         ///< Channel users

	struct str_vector ban_list;         ///< Ban list
	struct str_vector exception_list;   ///< Exceptions from bans
	struct str_vector invite_list;      ///< Exceptions from +I
};

static struct channel *
channel_new (void)
{
	struct channel *self = xcalloc (1, sizeof *self);

	self->user_limit = -1;
	self->topic = xstrdup ("");

	str_vector_init (&self->ban_list);
	str_vector_init (&self->exception_list);
	str_vector_init (&self->invite_list);
	return self;
}

static void
channel_delete (struct channel *self)
{
	free (self->name);
	free (self->key);
	free (self->topic);
	free (self->topic_who);

	struct channel_user *link, *tmp;
	for (link = self->users; link; link = tmp)
	{
		tmp = link->next;
		free (link);
	}

	str_vector_free (&self->ban_list);
	str_vector_free (&self->exception_list);
	str_vector_free (&self->invite_list);

	free (self);
}

static char *
channel_get_mode (struct channel *self, bool disclose_secrets)
{
	struct str mode;
	str_init (&mode);

	unsigned m = self->modes;
	if (m & IRC_CHAN_MODE_INVITE_ONLY)      str_append_c (&mode, 'i');
	if (m & IRC_CHAN_MODE_MODERATED)        str_append_c (&mode, 'm');
	if (m & IRC_CHAN_MODE_NO_OUTSIDE_MSGS)  str_append_c (&mode, 'n');
	if (m & IRC_CHAN_MODE_QUIET)            str_append_c (&mode, 'q');
	if (m & IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE)          str_append_c (&mode, 'p');
	if (m & IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET)           str_append_c (&mode, 's');
	if (m & IRC_CHAN_MODE_PROTECTED_TOPIC)  str_append_c (&mode, 't');

	if (self->user_limit != -1)             str_append_c (&mode, 'l');
	if (self->key)                          str_append_c (&mode, 'k');

	// XXX: is it correct to split it?  Try it on an existing implementation.
	if (disclose_secrets)
	{
		if (self->user_limit != -1)
			str_append_printf (&mode, " %ld", self->user_limit);
		if (self->key)
			str_append_printf (&mode, " %s", self->key);
	}
	return str_steal (&mode);
}

static struct channel_user *
channel_get_user (const struct channel *chan, const struct client *c)
{
	for (struct channel_user *iter = chan->users; iter; iter = iter->next)
		if (iter->c == c)
			return iter;
	return NULL;
}

static struct channel_user *
channel_add_user (struct channel *chan, struct client *c)
{
	struct channel_user *link = xcalloc (1, sizeof *link);
	link->c = c;
	LIST_PREPEND (chan->users, link);
	return link;
}

static void
channel_remove_user (struct channel *chan, struct channel_user *user)
{
	LIST_UNLINK (chan->users, user);
	free (user);
}

static size_t
channel_user_count (const struct channel *chan)
{
	size_t result = 0;
	for (struct channel_user *iter = chan->users; iter; iter = iter->next)
		result++;
	return result;
}

// --- IRC server context ------------------------------------------------------

struct whowas_info
{
	char *nickname;                     ///< IRC nickname
	char *username;                     ///< IRC username
	char *realname;                     ///< IRC realname
	char *hostname;                     ///< Hostname shown to the network
};

struct whowas_info *
whowas_info_new (struct client *c)
{
	struct whowas_info *self = xmalloc (sizeof *self);
	self->nickname = xstrdup (c->nickname);
	self->username = xstrdup (c->username);
	self->realname = xstrdup (c->realname);
	self->hostname = xstrdup (c->hostname);
	return self;
}

static void
whowas_info_destroy (struct whowas_info *self)
{
	free (self->nickname);
	free (self->username);
	free (self->realname);
	free (self->hostname);
	free (self);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

struct irc_command
{
	const char *name;
	bool requires_registration;
	void (*handler) (const struct irc_message *, struct client *);

	size_t n_received;                  ///< Number of commands received
	size_t bytes_received;              ///< Number of bytes received total
};

struct server_context
{
	int *listen_fds;                    ///< Listening socket FD's
	struct poller_fd *listen_events;    ///< New connections available
	size_t n_listen_fds;                ///< Number of listening sockets

	time_t started;                     ///< When has the server been started

	SSL_CTX *ssl_ctx;                   ///< SSL context
	struct client *clients;             ///< Clients
	unsigned n_clients;                 ///< Current number of connections

	struct str_map users;               ///< Maps nicknames to clients
	struct str_map channels;            ///< Maps channel names to data
	struct str_map handlers;            ///< Message handlers
	struct str_map cap_handlers;        ///< CAP message handlers

	struct str_map whowas;              ///< WHOWAS registry

	struct poller poller;               ///< Manages polled description
	struct poller_timer quit_timer;     ///< Quit timeout timer
	bool quitting;                      ///< User requested quitting
	bool polling;                       ///< The event loop is running

	struct poller_fd signal_event;      ///< Got a signal

	struct str_map config;              ///< Server configuration
	char *server_name;                  ///< Our server name
	unsigned ping_interval;             ///< Ping interval in seconds
	unsigned max_connections;           ///< Max. connections allowed or 0
	struct str_vector motd;             ///< MOTD (none if empty)
	nl_catd catalog;                    ///< Message catalog for server msgs
	struct str_map operators;           ///< TLS cert. fingerprints for IRCops
};

static void
on_irc_quit_timeout (void *user_data)
{
	struct server_context *ctx = user_data;
	struct client *iter, *next;
	for (iter = ctx->clients; iter; iter = next)
	{
		next = iter->next;
		// irc_initiate_quit() has already unregistered the client
		client_kill (iter, "Shutting down");
	}
}

static void
server_context_init (struct server_context *self)
{
	memset (self, 0, sizeof *self);

	str_map_init (&self->users);
	self->users.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;
	str_map_init (&self->channels);
	self->channels.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;
	self->channels.free = (void (*) (void *)) channel_delete;
	str_map_init (&self->handlers);
	self->handlers.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;
	str_map_init (&self->cap_handlers);
	self->cap_handlers.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;

	str_map_init (&self->whowas);
	self->whowas.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;
	self->whowas.free = (void (*) (void *)) whowas_info_destroy;

	poller_init (&self->poller);
	poller_timer_init (&self->quit_timer, &self->poller);
	self->quit_timer.dispatcher = on_irc_quit_timeout;
	self->quit_timer.user_data = self;

	str_map_init (&self->config);
	self->config.free = free;
	simple_config_load_defaults (&self->config, g_config_table);

	str_vector_init (&self->motd);
	self->catalog = (nl_catd) -1;
	str_map_init (&self->operators);
	// The regular irc_strxfrm() is sufficient for fingerprints
	self->operators.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;
}

static void
server_context_free (struct server_context *self)
{
	str_map_free (&self->config);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < self->n_listen_fds; i++)
	{
		xclose (self->listen_fds[i]);
		self->listen_events[i].closed = true;
		poller_fd_reset (&self->listen_events[i]);
	}
	free (self->listen_fds);
	free (self->listen_events);

	hard_assert (!self->clients);
	if (self->ssl_ctx)
		SSL_CTX_free (self->ssl_ctx);

	free (self->server_name);
	str_map_free (&self->users);
	str_map_free (&self->channels);
	str_map_free (&self->handlers);
	str_map_free (&self->cap_handlers);
	str_map_free (&self->whowas);
	poller_free (&self->poller);

	str_vector_free (&self->motd);
	if (self->catalog != (nl_catd) -1)
		catclose (self->catalog);
	str_map_free (&self->operators);
}

static const char *
irc_get_text (struct server_context *ctx, int id, const char *def)
{
	if (!soft_assert (def != NULL))
		def = "";
	if (ctx->catalog == (nl_catd) -1)
		return def;
	return catgets (ctx->catalog, 1, id, def);
}

static void
irc_try_finish_quit (struct server_context *ctx)
{
	if (!ctx->n_clients && ctx->quitting)
	{
		poller_timer_reset (&ctx->quit_timer);
		ctx->polling = false;
	}
}

static void
irc_initiate_quit (struct server_context *ctx)
{
	print_status ("shutting down");

	for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_listen_fds; i++)
	{
		xclose (ctx->listen_fds[i]);
		ctx->listen_events[i].closed = true;
		poller_fd_reset (&ctx->listen_events[i]);
	}
	ctx->n_listen_fds = 0;

	for (struct client *iter = ctx->clients; iter; iter = iter->next)
		if (!iter->closing_link)
			client_close_link (iter, "Shutting down");

	ctx->quitting = true;
	poller_timer_set (&ctx->quit_timer, 5000);
	irc_try_finish_quit (ctx);
}

static struct channel *
irc_channel_create (struct server_context *ctx, const char *name)
{
	struct channel *chan = channel_new ();
	chan->ctx = ctx;
	chan->name = xstrdup (name);
	chan->created = time (NULL);
	str_map_set (&ctx->channels, name, chan);
	return chan;
}

static void
irc_channel_destroy_if_empty (struct server_context *ctx, struct channel *chan)
{
	if (!chan->users)
		str_map_set (&ctx->channels, chan->name, NULL);
}

static void
irc_send_to_roommates (struct client *c, const char *message)
{
	struct str_map targets;
	str_map_init (&targets);
	targets.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;

	struct str_map_iter iter;
	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
	struct channel *chan;
	while ((chan = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
	{
		if (chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_QUIET
		 || !channel_get_user (chan, c))
			continue;
		for (struct channel_user *iter = chan->users; iter; iter = iter->next)
			str_map_set (&targets, iter->c->nickname, iter->c);
	}

	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &targets);
	struct client *target;
	while ((target = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
		if (target != c)
			client_send (target, "%s", message);
}

// --- Clients (continued) -----------------------------------------------------

static void
client_mode_to_str (unsigned m, struct str *out)
{
	if (m & IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE)           str_append_c (out, 'i');
	if (m & IRC_USER_MODE_RX_WALLOPS)          str_append_c (out, 'w');
	if (m & IRC_USER_MODE_RESTRICTED)          str_append_c (out, 'r');
	if (m & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR)            str_append_c (out, 'o');
	if (m & IRC_USER_MODE_RX_SERVER_NOTICES)   str_append_c (out, 's');
}

static char *
client_get_mode (struct client *self)
{
	struct str mode;
	str_init (&mode);
	if (self->away_message)
		str_append_c (&mode, 'a');
	client_mode_to_str (self->mode, &mode);
	return str_steal (&mode);
}

static void
client_send_str (struct client *c, const struct str *s)
{
	hard_assert (!c->closing_link);

	size_t old_sendq = c->write_buffer.len;
	// TODO: kill the connection above some "SendQ" threshold (careful!)
	str_append_data (&c->write_buffer, s->str,
		s->len > IRC_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH ? IRC_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH : s->len);
	str_append (&c->write_buffer, "\r\n");
	// XXX: we might want to move this elsewhere, so that it doesn't get called
	//   as often; it's going to cause a lot of syscalls with epoll.
	client_update_poller (c, NULL);

	// Technically we haven't sent it yet but that's a minor detail
	c->n_sent_messages++;
	c->sent_bytes += c->write_buffer.len - old_sendq;
}

static void
client_send (struct client *c, const char *format, ...)
{
	struct str tmp;
	str_init (&tmp);

	va_list ap;
	va_start (ap, format);
	str_append_vprintf (&tmp, format, ap);
	va_end (ap);

	client_send_str (c, &tmp);
	str_free (&tmp);
}

static void
client_add_to_whowas (struct client *c)
{
	// Only keeping one entry for each nickname
	// TODO: make sure this list doesn't get too long, for example by
	//   putting them in a linked list ordered by time
	str_map_set (&c->ctx->whowas, c->nickname, whowas_info_new (c));
}

static void
client_unregister (struct client *c, const char *reason)
{
	if (!c->registered)
		return;

	char *message = xstrdup_printf (":%s!%s@%s QUIT :%s",
		c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, reason);
	irc_send_to_roommates (c, message);
	free (message);

	struct str_map_unset_iter iter;
	str_map_unset_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
	struct channel *chan;
	while ((chan = str_map_unset_iter_next (&iter)))
	{
		struct channel_user *user;
		if (!(user = channel_get_user (chan, c)))
			continue;
		channel_remove_user (chan, user);
		irc_channel_destroy_if_empty (c->ctx, chan);
	}
	str_map_unset_iter_free (&iter);

	client_add_to_whowas (c);

	str_map_set (&c->ctx->users, c->nickname, NULL);
	free (c->nickname);
	c->nickname = NULL;
	c->registered = false;
}

static void
client_kill (struct client *c, const char *reason)
{
	struct server_context *ctx = c->ctx;
	client_unregister (c, reason ? reason : "Client exited");

	if (c->address)
		// Only log the event if address resolution has finished
		print_debug ("closed connection to %s (%s)", c->address,
			reason ? reason : "");

	if (c->ssl)
		// Note that we might have already called this once, but that is fine
		(void) SSL_shutdown (c->ssl);

	xclose (c->socket_fd);
	c->socket_fd = -1;

	c->socket_event.closed = true;
	poller_fd_reset (&c->socket_event);
	client_cancel_timers (c);

	LIST_UNLINK (ctx->clients, c);
	ctx->n_clients--;
	client_destroy (c);

	irc_try_finish_quit (ctx);
}

static void
client_close_link (struct client *c, const char *reason)
{
	// Let's just cut the connection, the client can try again later.
	// We also want to avoid accidentally setting poller events before
	// address resolution has finished.
	if (!c->initialized)
	{
		client_kill (c, reason);
		return;
	}
	if (!soft_assert (!c->closing_link))
		return;

	// We push an `ERROR' message to the write buffer and let the poller send
	// it, with some arbitrary timeout.  The `closing_link' state makes sure
	// that a/ we ignore any successive messages, and b/ that the connection
	// is killed after the write buffer is transferred and emptied.
	client_send (c, "ERROR :Closing Link: %s[%s] (%s)",
		c->nickname ? c->nickname : "*",
		c->hostname /* TODO host IP? */, reason);
	c->closing_link = true;

	client_unregister (c, reason);
	client_set_kill_timer (c);
}

static bool
client_in_mask_list (const struct client *c, const struct str_vector *mask)
{
	char *client = xstrdup_printf ("%s!%s@%s",
		c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname);
	bool result = false;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < mask->len; i++)
		if (!irc_fnmatch (mask->vector[i], client))
		{
			result = true;
			break;
		}
	free (client);
	return result;
}

static char *
client_get_ssl_cert_fingerprint (struct client *c)
{
	if (!c->ssl)
		return NULL;

	X509 *peer_cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate (c->ssl);
	if (!peer_cert)
		return NULL;

	int cert_len = i2d_X509 (peer_cert, NULL);
	if (cert_len < 0)
		return NULL;

	unsigned char cert[cert_len], *p = cert;
	if (i2d_X509 (peer_cert, &p) < 0)
		return NULL;

	unsigned char hash[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
	SHA1 (cert, cert_len, hash);

	struct str fingerprint;
	str_init (&fingerprint);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof hash; i++)
		str_append_printf (&fingerprint, "%02x", hash[i]);
	return str_steal (&fingerprint);
}

// --- Timers ------------------------------------------------------------------

static void
client_cancel_timers (struct client *c)
{
	poller_timer_reset (&c->kill_timer);
	poller_timer_reset (&c->timeout_timer);
	poller_timer_reset (&c->ping_timer);
	poller_timer_reset (&c->gni_timer);
}

static void
client_set_timer (struct client *c,
	struct poller_timer *timer, unsigned interval)
{
	client_cancel_timers (c);
	poller_timer_set (timer, interval * 1000);
}

static void
on_client_kill_timer (void *user_data)
{
	struct client *c = user_data;
	hard_assert (!c->initialized || c->closing_link);
	client_kill (c, NULL);
}

static void
client_set_kill_timer (struct client *c)
{
	client_set_timer (c, &c->kill_timer, c->ctx->ping_interval);
}

static void
on_client_timeout_timer (void *user_data)
{
	struct client *c = user_data;
	char *reason = xstrdup_printf
		("Ping timeout: >%u seconds", c->ctx->ping_interval);
	client_close_link (c, reason);
	free (reason);
}

static void
on_client_ping_timer (void *user_data)
{
	struct client *c = user_data;
	hard_assert (!c->closing_link);
	client_send (c, "PING :%s", c->ctx->server_name);
	client_set_timer (c, &c->timeout_timer, c->ctx->ping_interval);
}

static void
client_set_ping_timer (struct client *c)
{
	client_set_timer (c, &c->ping_timer, c->ctx->ping_interval);
}

// --- IRC command handling ----------------------------------------------------

static void
irc_make_reply (struct client *c, int id, va_list ap, struct str *output)
{
	str_append_printf (output, ":%s %03d %s ",
		c->ctx->server_name, id, c->nickname ? c->nickname : "*");
	str_append_vprintf (output,
		irc_get_text (c->ctx, id, g_default_replies[id]), ap);
}

// XXX: this way we cannot typecheck the arguments, so we must be careful
static void
irc_send_reply (struct client *c, int id, ...)
{
	struct str reply;
	str_init (&reply);

	va_list ap;
	va_start (ap, id);
	irc_make_reply (c, id, ap, &reply);
	va_end (ap);

	client_send_str (c, &reply);
	str_free (&reply);
}

/// Send a space-separated list of words across as many replies as needed
static void
irc_send_reply_vector (struct client *c, int id, char **items, ...)
{
	struct str common;
	str_init (&common);

	va_list ap;
	va_start (ap, items);
	irc_make_reply (c, id, ap, &common);
	va_end (ap);

	// We always send at least one message (there might be a client that
	// expects us to send this message at least once)
	do
	{
		struct str reply;
		str_init (&reply);
		str_append_str (&reply, &common);

		// If not even a single item fits in the limit (which may happen,
		// in theory) it just gets cropped.  We could also skip it.
		if (*items)
			str_append (&reply, *items++);

		// Append as many items as fits in a single message
		while (*items
			&& reply.len + 1 + strlen (*items) <= IRC_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH)
			str_append_printf (&reply, " %s", *items++);

		client_send_str (c, &reply);
		str_free (&reply);
	}
	while (*items);
	str_free (&common);
}

#define RETURN_WITH_REPLY(c, ...)                                              \
	BLOCK_START                                                                \
		irc_send_reply ((c), __VA_ARGS__);                                     \
		return;                                                                \
	BLOCK_END

static void
irc_send_motd (struct client *c)
{
	struct server_context *ctx = c->ctx;
	if (!ctx->motd.len)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOMOTD);

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_MOTDSTART, ctx->server_name);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->motd.len; i++)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_MOTD, ctx->motd.vector[i]);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFMOTD);
}

static void
irc_send_lusers (struct client *c)
{
	int n_users = 0, n_services = 0, n_opers = 0, n_unknown = 0;
	for (struct client *link = c->ctx->clients; link; link = link->next)
	{
		if (link->registered)
			n_users++;
		else
			n_unknown++;
		if (link->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR)
			n_opers++;
	}

	int n_channels = 0;
	struct str_map_iter iter;
	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
	struct channel *chan;
	while ((chan = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
		if (!(chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET)
		 || channel_get_user (chan, c))
			n_channels++;

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LUSERCLIENT,
		n_users, n_services, 1 /* servers total */);
	if (n_opers)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LUSEROP, n_opers);
	if (n_unknown)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LUSERUNKNOWN, n_unknown);
	if (n_channels)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LUSERCHANNELS, n_channels);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LUSERME,
		n_users + n_services + n_unknown, 0 /* peer servers */);
}

static bool
irc_is_this_me (struct server_context *ctx, const char *target)
{
	// Target servers can also be matched by their users
	return !irc_fnmatch (target, ctx->server_name)
		|| str_map_find (&ctx->users, target);
}

static void
irc_send_isupport (struct client *c)
{
	// Only # channels, +e supported, +I supported, unlimited arguments to MODE
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ISUPPORT, "CHANTYPES=# EXCEPTS INVEX MODES"
		" TARGMAX=WHOIS:,LIST:,NAMES:,PRIVMSG:1,NOTICE:1,KICK:"
		" NICKLEN=" XSTRINGIFY (IRC_MAX_NICKNAME)
		" CHANNELLEN=" XSTRINGIFY (IRC_MAX_CHANNEL_NAME));
}

static void
irc_try_finish_registration (struct client *c)
{
	struct server_context *ctx = c->ctx;
	if (!c->nickname || !c->username || !c->realname)
		return;
	if (c->registered || c->cap_negotiating)
		return;

	c->registered = true;
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WELCOME, c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname);

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_YOURHOST, ctx->server_name, PROGRAM_VERSION);
	// The purpose of this message eludes me
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_CREATED, __DATE__);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_MYINFO, ctx->server_name, PROGRAM_VERSION,
		IRC_SUPPORTED_USER_MODES, IRC_SUPPORTED_CHAN_MODES);

	irc_send_isupport (c);
	irc_send_lusers (c);
	irc_send_motd (c);

	char *mode = client_get_mode (c);
	if (*mode)
		client_send (c, ":%s MODE %s :+%s", c->nickname, c->nickname, mode);
	free (mode);

	hard_assert (c->ssl_cert_fingerprint == NULL);
	if ((c->ssl_cert_fingerprint = client_get_ssl_cert_fingerprint (c)))
		client_send (c, ":%s NOTICE %s :"
			"Your TLS client certificate fingerprint is %s",
			ctx->server_name, c->nickname, c->ssl_cert_fingerprint);

	str_map_set (&ctx->whowas, c->nickname, NULL);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// IRCv3 capability negotiation.  See http://ircv3.org for details.

struct irc_cap_args
{
	const char *subcommand;             ///< The subcommand being processed
	const char *full_params;            ///< Whole parameter string
	struct str_vector params;           ///< Split parameters
	const char *target;                 ///< Target parameter for replies
};

static struct
{
	unsigned flag;                      ///< Flag
	const char *name;                   ///< Name of the capability
}
irc_cap_table[] =
{
	{ IRC_CAP_MULTI_PREFIX,             "multi-prefix"      },
	{ IRC_CAP_INVITE_NOTIFY,            "invite-notify"     },
	{ IRC_CAP_ECHO_MESSAGE,             "echo-message"      },
	{ IRC_CAP_USERHOST_IN_NAMES,        "userhost-in-names" },
};

static void
irc_handle_cap_ls (struct client *c, struct irc_cap_args *a)
{
	if (a->params.len == 1
	 && !xstrtoul (&c->cap_version, a->params.vector[0], 10))
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_INVALIDCAPCMD,
			a->subcommand, "Ignoring invalid protocol version number");

	c->cap_negotiating = true;
	client_send (c, ":%s CAP %s LS :multi-prefix invite-notify echo-message"
		" userhost-in-names", c->ctx->server_name, a->target);
}

static void
irc_handle_cap_list (struct client *c, struct irc_cap_args *a)
{
	struct str_vector caps;
	str_vector_init (&caps);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < N_ELEMENTS (irc_cap_table); i++)
		if (c->caps_enabled & irc_cap_table[i].flag)
			str_vector_add (&caps, irc_cap_table[i].name);

	char *caps_str = join_str_vector (&caps, ' ');
	str_vector_free (&caps);
	client_send (c, ":%s CAP %s LIST :%s",
		c->ctx->server_name, a->target, caps_str);
	free (caps_str);
}

static unsigned
irc_decode_capability (const char *name)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < N_ELEMENTS (irc_cap_table); i++)
		if (!strcmp (irc_cap_table[i].name, name))
			return irc_cap_table[i].flag;
	return 0;
}

static void
irc_handle_cap_req (struct client *c, struct irc_cap_args *a)
{
	c->cap_negotiating = true;

	unsigned new_caps = c->caps_enabled;
	bool success = true;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < a->params.len; i++)
	{
		bool removing = false;
		const char *name = a->params.vector[i];
		if (*name == '-')
		{
			removing = true;
			name++;
		}

		unsigned cap;
		if (!(cap = irc_decode_capability (name)))
			success = false;
		else if (removing)
			new_caps &= ~cap;
		else
			new_caps |=  cap;
	}

	if (success)
	{
		c->caps_enabled = new_caps;
		client_send (c, ":%s CAP %s ACK :%s",
			c->ctx->server_name, a->target, a->full_params);
	}
	else
		client_send (c, ":%s CAP %s NAK :%s",
			c->ctx->server_name, a->target, a->full_params);
}

static void
irc_handle_cap_ack (struct client *c, struct irc_cap_args *a)
{
	if (a->params.len)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_INVALIDCAPCMD,
			a->subcommand, "No acknowledgable capabilities supported");
}

static void
irc_handle_cap_end (struct client *c, struct irc_cap_args *a)
{
	(void) a;

	c->cap_negotiating = false;
	irc_try_finish_registration (c);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

struct irc_cap_command
{
	const char *name;
	void (*handler) (struct client *, struct irc_cap_args *);
};

static void
irc_register_cap_handlers (struct server_context *ctx)
{
	static const struct irc_cap_command cap_handlers[] =
	{
		{ "LS",   irc_handle_cap_ls   },
		{ "LIST", irc_handle_cap_list },
		{ "REQ",  irc_handle_cap_req  },
		{ "ACK",  irc_handle_cap_ack  },
		{ "END",  irc_handle_cap_end  },
	};

	for (size_t i = 0; i < N_ELEMENTS (cap_handlers); i++)
	{
		const struct irc_cap_command *cmd = &cap_handlers[i];
		str_map_set (&ctx->cap_handlers, cmd->name, (void *) cmd);
	}
}

static void
irc_handle_cap (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	struct irc_cap_args args;
	args.target = c->nickname ? c->nickname : "*";
	args.subcommand = msg->params.vector[0];
	args.full_params = "";
	str_vector_init (&args.params);

	if (msg->params.len > 1)
	{
		args.full_params = msg->params.vector[1];
		cstr_split_ignore_empty (args.full_params, ' ', &args.params);
	}

	struct irc_cap_command *cmd =
		str_map_find (&c->ctx->cap_handlers, args.subcommand);
	if (!cmd)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_INVALIDCAPCMD,
			args.subcommand, "Invalid CAP subcommand");
	else
		cmd->handler (c, &args);

	str_vector_free (&args.params);
}

static void
irc_handle_pass (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (c->registered)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_ALREADYREGISTERED);
	else if (msg->params.len < 1)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	// We have TLS client certificates for this purpose; ignoring
}

static void
irc_handle_nick (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	struct server_context *ctx = c->ctx;

	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NONICKNAMEGIVEN);

	const char *nickname = msg->params.vector[0];
	if (irc_validate_nickname (nickname) != VALIDATION_OK)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_ERRONEOUSNICKNAME, nickname);

	struct client *client = str_map_find (&ctx->users, nickname);
	if (client && client != c)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NICKNAMEINUSE, nickname);

	if (c->registered)
	{
		client_add_to_whowas (c);

		char *message = xstrdup_printf (":%s!%s@%s NICK :%s",
			c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, nickname);
		irc_send_to_roommates (c, message);
		client_send (c, "%s", message);
		free (message);
	}

	// Release the old nickname and allocate a new one
	if (c->nickname)
	{
		str_map_set (&ctx->users, c->nickname, NULL);
		free (c->nickname);
	}
	c->nickname = xstrdup (nickname);
	str_map_set (&ctx->users, nickname, c);

	if (!c->registered)
		irc_try_finish_registration (c);
}

static void
irc_handle_user (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (c->registered)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_ALREADYREGISTERED);
	if (msg->params.len < 4)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	const char *username = msg->params.vector[0];
	const char *mode     = msg->params.vector[1];
	const char *realname = msg->params.vector[3];

	// Unfortunately the protocol doesn't give us any means of rejecting it
	if (!irc_is_valid_user (username))
		username = "xxx";

	free (c->username);
	c->username = xstrdup (username);
	free (c->realname);
	c->realname = xstrdup (realname);

	unsigned long m;
	if (xstrtoul (&m, mode, 10))
	{
		if (m & 4)  c->mode |= IRC_USER_MODE_RX_WALLOPS;
		if (m & 8)  c->mode |= IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE;
	}

	irc_try_finish_registration (c);
}

static void
irc_handle_userhost (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	struct str reply;
	str_init (&reply);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < 5 && i < msg->params.len; i++)
	{
		const char *nick = msg->params.vector[i];
		struct client *target = str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, nick);
		if (!target)
			continue;

		if (i)
			str_append_c (&reply, ' ');
		str_append (&reply, nick);
		if (target->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR)
			str_append_c (&reply, '*');
		str_append_printf (&reply, "=%c%s@%s",
			target->away_message ? '-' : '+',
			target->username, target->hostname);
	}
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_USERHOST, reply.str);
	str_free (&reply);
}

static void
irc_handle_lusers (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 1 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[1]))
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[1]);
	else
		irc_send_lusers (c);
}

static void
irc_handle_motd (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 0 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[0]))
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[0]);
	else
		irc_send_motd (c);
}

static void
irc_handle_ping (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	// XXX: the RFC is pretty incomprehensible about the exact usage
	if (msg->params.len > 1 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[1]))
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[1]);
	else if (msg->params.len < 1)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOORIGIN);
	else
		client_send (c, ":%s PONG :%s",
			c->ctx->server_name, msg->params.vector[0]);
}

static void
irc_handle_pong (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	// We are the only server, so we don't have to care too much
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOORIGIN);
	else
		// Set a new timer to send another PING
		client_set_ping_timer (c);
}

static void
irc_handle_quit (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	char *reason = xstrdup_printf ("Quit: %s",
		msg->params.len > 0 ? msg->params.vector[0] : c->nickname);
	client_close_link (c, reason);
	free (reason);
}

static void
irc_handle_time (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 0 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[0]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[0]);

	char buf[32];
	time_t now = time (NULL);
	struct tm tm;
	strftime (buf, sizeof buf, "%a %b %d %Y %T", localtime_r (&now, &tm));
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_TIME, c->ctx->server_name, buf);
}

static void
irc_handle_version (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 0 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[0]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[0]);

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_VERSION, PROGRAM_VERSION, g_debug_mode,
		c->ctx->server_name, PROGRAM_NAME " " PROGRAM_VERSION);
	irc_send_isupport (c);
}

static void
irc_channel_multicast (struct channel *chan, const char *message,
	struct client *except)
{
	for (struct channel_user *iter = chan->users; iter; iter = iter->next)
		if (iter->c != except)
			client_send (iter->c, "%s", message);
}

static bool
irc_modify_mode (unsigned *mask, unsigned mode, bool add)
{
	unsigned orig = *mask;
	if (add)
		*mask |= mode;
	else
		*mask &= ~mode;
	return *mask != orig;
}

static void
irc_update_user_mode (struct client *c, unsigned new_mode)
{
	unsigned old_mode = c->mode;
	c->mode = new_mode;

	unsigned added   = new_mode & ~old_mode;
	unsigned removed = old_mode & ~new_mode;

	struct str diff;
	str_init (&diff);

	if (added)
	{
		str_append_c (&diff, '+');
		client_mode_to_str (added, &diff);
	}
	if (removed)
	{
		str_append_c (&diff, '-');
		client_mode_to_str (removed, &diff);
	}

	if (diff.len)
		client_send (c, ":%s MODE %s :%s",
			c->nickname, c->nickname, diff.str);
	str_free (&diff);
}

static void
irc_handle_user_mode_change (struct client *c, const char *mode_string)
{
	unsigned new_mode = c->mode;
	bool adding = true;

	while (*mode_string)
	switch (*mode_string++)
	{
	case '+':  adding = true;   break;
	case '-':  adding = false;  break;

	case 'a':
		// Ignore, the client should use AWAY
		break;
	case 'i':
		irc_modify_mode (&new_mode, IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE, adding);
		break;
	case 'w':
		irc_modify_mode (&new_mode, IRC_USER_MODE_RX_WALLOPS, adding);
		break;
	case 'r':
		// It's not possible to un-restrict yourself
		if (adding)
			new_mode |= IRC_USER_MODE_RESTRICTED;
		break;
	case 'o':
		if (!adding)
			new_mode &= ~IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR;
		else if (c->ssl_cert_fingerprint
			&& str_map_find (&c->ctx->operators, c->ssl_cert_fingerprint))
			new_mode |= IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR;
		else
			client_send (c, ":%s NOTICE %s :Either you're not using an TLS"
				" client certificate, or the fingerprint doesn't match",
				c->ctx->server_name, c->nickname);
		break;
	case 's':
		irc_modify_mode (&new_mode, IRC_USER_MODE_RX_SERVER_NOTICES, adding);
		break;
	default:
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_UMODEUNKNOWNFLAG);
	}
	irc_update_user_mode (c, new_mode);
}

static void
irc_send_channel_list (struct client *c, const char *channel_name,
	const struct str_vector *list, int reply, int end_reply)
{
	for (size_t i = 0; i < list->len; i++)
		irc_send_reply (c, reply, channel_name, list->vector[i]);
	irc_send_reply (c, end_reply, channel_name);
}

static char *
irc_check_expand_user_mask (const char *mask)
{
	struct str result;
	str_init (&result);
	str_append (&result, mask);

	// Make sure it is a complete mask
	if (!strchr (result.str, '!'))
		str_append (&result, "!*");
	if (!strchr (result.str, '@'))
		str_append (&result, "@*");

	// And validate whatever the result is
	if (!irc_is_valid_user_mask (result.str))
	{
		str_free (&result);
		return NULL;
	}
	return str_steal (&result);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// Channel MODE command handling.  This is by far the worst command to implement
// from the whole RFC; don't blame me if it doesn't work exactly as expected.

struct mode_processor
{
	// Inputs to set after initialization:

	char **params;                      ///< Mode string parameters

	struct client *c;                   ///< Who does the changes
	struct channel *channel;            ///< The channel we're modifying
	struct channel_user *user;          ///< Presence of the client in the chan

	// Internals:

	bool adding;                        ///< Currently adding modes
	char mode_char;                     ///< Currently processed mode char

	struct str added;                   ///< Added modes
	struct str removed;                 ///< Removed modes

	struct str_vector added_params;     ///< Params for added modes
	struct str_vector removed_params;   ///< Params for removed modes

	struct str *output;                 ///< "added" or "removed"
	struct str_vector *output_params;   ///< Similarly for "*_params"
};

static void
mode_processor_init (struct mode_processor *self)
{
	memset (self, 0, sizeof *self);

	str_init (&self->added);
	str_init (&self->removed);

	str_vector_init (&self->added_params);
	str_vector_init (&self->removed_params);
}

static void
mode_processor_free (struct mode_processor *self)
{
	str_free (&self->added);
	str_free (&self->removed);

	str_vector_free (&self->added_params);
	str_vector_free (&self->removed_params);
}

static const char *
mode_processor_next_param (struct mode_processor *self)
{
	if (!*self->params)
		return NULL;
	return *self->params++;
}

static bool
mode_processor_check_operator (struct mode_processor *self)
{
	if ((self->user && (self->user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR))
		|| (self->c->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR))
		return true;

	irc_send_reply (self->c, IRC_ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED, self->channel->name);
	return false;
}

static void
mode_processor_do_user (struct mode_processor *self, int mode)
{
	const char *target = mode_processor_next_param (self);
	if (!mode_processor_check_operator (self) || !target)
		return;

	struct client *client;
	struct channel_user *target_user;
	if (!(client = str_map_find (&self->c->ctx->users, target)))
		irc_send_reply (self->c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHNICK, target);
	else if (!(target_user = channel_get_user (self->channel, client)))
		irc_send_reply (self->c, IRC_ERR_USERNOTINCHANNEL,
			target, self->channel->name);
	else if (irc_modify_mode (&target_user->modes, mode, self->adding))
	{
		str_append_c (self->output, self->mode_char);
		str_vector_add (self->output_params, client->nickname);
	}
}

static bool
mode_processor_do_chan (struct mode_processor *self, int mode)
{
	if (!mode_processor_check_operator (self)
	 || !irc_modify_mode (&self->channel->modes, mode, self->adding))
		return false;

	str_append_c (self->output, self->mode_char);
	return true;
}

static void
mode_processor_do_chan_remove
	(struct mode_processor *self, char mode_char, int mode)
{
	if (self->adding
	 && irc_modify_mode (&self->channel->modes, mode, false))
		str_append_c (&self->removed, mode_char);
}

static void
mode_processor_do_list (struct mode_processor *self,
	struct str_vector *list, int list_msg, int end_msg)
{
	const char *target = mode_processor_next_param (self);
	if (!target)
	{
		if (self->adding)
			irc_send_channel_list (self->c, self->channel->name,
				list, list_msg, end_msg);
		return;
	}

	if (!mode_processor_check_operator (self))
		return;

	char *mask = irc_check_expand_user_mask (target);
	if (!mask)
		return;

	size_t i;
	for (i = 0; i < list->len; i++)
		if (!irc_strcmp (list->vector[i], mask))
			break;

	bool found = i != list->len;
	if ((found ^ self->adding))
	{
		if (self->adding)
			str_vector_add (list, mask);
		else
			str_vector_remove (list, i);

		str_append_c (self->output, self->mode_char);
		str_vector_add (self->output_params, mask);
	}
	free (mask);
}

static void
mode_processor_do_key (struct mode_processor *self)
{
	const char *target = mode_processor_next_param (self);
	if (!mode_processor_check_operator (self) || !target)
		return;

	if (!self->adding)
	{
		if (!self->channel->key || irc_strcmp (target, self->channel->key))
			return;

		str_append_c (&self->removed, self->mode_char);
		str_vector_add (&self->removed_params, self->channel->key);
		free (self->channel->key);
		self->channel->key = NULL;
	}
	else if (!irc_is_valid_key (target))
		// TODO: we should notify the user somehow
		return;
	else if (self->channel->key)
		irc_send_reply (self->c, IRC_ERR_KEYSET, self->channel->name);
	else
	{
		self->channel->key = xstrdup (target);
		str_append_c (&self->added, self->mode_char);
		str_vector_add (&self->added_params, self->channel->key);
	}
}

static void
mode_processor_do_limit (struct mode_processor *self)
{
	if (!mode_processor_check_operator (self))
		return;

	const char *target;
	if (!self->adding)
	{
		if (self->channel->user_limit == -1)
			return;

		self->channel->user_limit = -1;
		str_append_c (&self->removed, self->mode_char);
	}
	else if ((target = mode_processor_next_param (self)))
	{
		unsigned long x;
		if (xstrtoul (&x, target, 10) && x > 0 && x <= LONG_MAX)
		{
			self->channel->user_limit = x;
			str_append_c (&self->added, self->mode_char);
			str_vector_add (&self->added_params, target);
		}
	}
}

static bool
mode_processor_step (struct mode_processor *self, char mode_char)
{
	switch ((self->mode_char = mode_char))
	{
	case '+':
		self->adding = true;
		self->output = &self->added;
		self->output_params = &self->added_params;
		break;
	case '-':
		self->adding = false;
		self->output = &self->removed;
		self->output_params = &self->removed_params;
		break;

#define USER(mode) mode_processor_do_user (self, (mode))
#define CHAN(mode) mode_processor_do_chan (self, (mode))

	case 'o': USER (IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR);         break;
	case 'v': USER (IRC_CHAN_MODE_VOICE);            break;

	case 'i': CHAN (IRC_CHAN_MODE_INVITE_ONLY);      break;
	case 'm': CHAN (IRC_CHAN_MODE_MODERATED);        break;
	case 'n': CHAN (IRC_CHAN_MODE_NO_OUTSIDE_MSGS);  break;
	case 'q': CHAN (IRC_CHAN_MODE_QUIET);            break;
	case 't': CHAN (IRC_CHAN_MODE_PROTECTED_TOPIC);  break;

	case 'p':
		if (CHAN (IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE))
			mode_processor_do_chan_remove (self, 's', IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET);
		break;
	case 's':
		if (CHAN (IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET))
			mode_processor_do_chan_remove (self, 'p', IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE);
		break;

#undef USER
#undef CHAN

	case 'b':
		mode_processor_do_list (self, &self->channel->ban_list,
			IRC_RPL_BANLIST, IRC_RPL_ENDOFBANLIST);
		break;
	case 'e':
		mode_processor_do_list (self, &self->channel->exception_list,
			IRC_RPL_EXCEPTLIST, IRC_RPL_ENDOFEXCEPTLIST);
		break;
	case 'I':
		mode_processor_do_list (self, &self->channel->invite_list,
			IRC_RPL_INVITELIST, IRC_RPL_ENDOFINVITELIST);
		break;

	case 'k':
		mode_processor_do_key (self);
		break;
	case 'l':
		mode_processor_do_limit (self);
		break;

	default:
		// It's not safe to continue, results could be undesired
		irc_send_reply (self->c, IRC_ERR_UNKNOWNMODE,
			mode_char, self->channel->name);
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static void
irc_handle_chan_mode_change
	(struct client *c, struct channel *chan, char *params[])
{
	struct mode_processor p;
	mode_processor_init (&p);

	p.params = params;
	p.channel = chan;
	p.c = c;
	p.user = channel_get_user (chan, c);

	const char *mode_string;
	while ((mode_string = mode_processor_next_param (&p)))
	{
		mode_processor_step (&p, '+');
		while (*mode_string)
			if (!mode_processor_step (&p, *mode_string++))
				break;
	}

	// TODO: limit to three changes with parameter per command
	if (p.added.len || p.removed.len)
	{
		struct str message;
		str_init (&message);
		str_append_printf (&message, ":%s!%s@%s MODE %s ",
			p.c->nickname, p.c->username, p.c->hostname,
			p.channel->name);
		if (p.added.len)
			str_append_printf (&message, "+%s", p.added.str);
		if (p.removed.len)
			str_append_printf (&message, "-%s", p.removed.str);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < p.added_params.len; i++)
			str_append_printf (&message, " %s", p.added_params.vector[i]);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < p.removed_params.len; i++)
			str_append_printf (&message, " %s", p.removed_params.vector[i]);
		irc_channel_multicast (p.channel, message.str, NULL);
		str_free (&message);
	}
	mode_processor_free (&p);
}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

static void
irc_handle_mode (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	const char *target = msg->params.vector[0];
	struct client *client = str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, target);
	struct channel *chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, target);

	if (client)
	{
		if (irc_strcmp (target, c->nickname))
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_USERSDONTMATCH);

		if (msg->params.len < 2)
		{
			char *mode = client_get_mode (client);
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_UMODEIS, mode);
			free (mode);
		}
		else
			irc_handle_user_mode_change (c, msg->params.vector[1]);
	}
	else if (chan)
	{
		if (msg->params.len < 2)
		{
			char *mode = channel_get_mode (chan, channel_get_user (chan, c));
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_CHANNELMODEIS, target, mode);
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_CREATIONTIME,
				target, (long long) chan->created);
			free (mode);
		}
		else
			irc_handle_chan_mode_change (c, chan, &msg->params.vector[1]);
	}
	else
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHNICK, target);
}

static void
irc_handle_user_message (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c,
	const char *command, bool allow_away_reply)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NORECIPIENT, msg->command);
	if (msg->params.len < 2 || !*msg->params.vector[1])
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOTEXTTOSEND);

	const char *target = msg->params.vector[0];
	const char *text   = msg->params.vector[1];
	struct client *client = str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, target);
	if (client)
	{
		client_send (client, ":%s!%s@%s %s %s :%s",
			c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, command, target, text);
		if (allow_away_reply && client->away_message)
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_AWAY, target, client->away_message);

		// Acknowledging a message from the client to itself would be silly
		if (client != c && (c->caps_enabled & IRC_CAP_ECHO_MESSAGE))
			client_send (c, ":%s!%s@%s %s %s :%s",
				c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, command, target, text);
		return;
	}

	struct channel *chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, target);
	if (chan)
	{
		struct channel_user *user = channel_get_user (chan, c);
		if ((chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_NO_OUTSIDE_MSGS) && !user)
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN, target);
		if ((chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_MODERATED) && (!user ||
			!(user->modes & (IRC_CHAN_MODE_VOICE | IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR))))
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN, target);
		if (client_in_mask_list (c, &chan->ban_list)
		 && !client_in_mask_list (c, &chan->exception_list))
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_CANNOTSENDTOCHAN, target);

		char *message = xstrdup_printf (":%s!%s@%s %s %s :%s",
			c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, command, target, text);
		irc_channel_multicast (chan, message,
			(c->caps_enabled & IRC_CAP_ECHO_MESSAGE) ? NULL : c);
		free (message);
		return;
	}

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHNICK, target);
}

static void
irc_handle_privmsg (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	irc_handle_user_message (msg, c, "PRIVMSG", true);
	// Let's not care too much about success or failure
	c->last_active = time (NULL);
}

static void
irc_handle_notice (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	irc_handle_user_message (msg, c, "NOTICE", false);
}

static void
irc_send_rpl_list (struct client *c, const struct channel *chan)
{
	int visible = 0;
	for (struct channel_user *user = chan->users;
		 user; user = user->next)
		visible++;

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LIST, chan->name, visible, chan->topic);
}

static void
irc_handle_list (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 1 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[1]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[1]);

	struct channel *chan;
	if (msg->params.len == 0)
	{
		struct str_map_iter iter;
		str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
		while ((chan = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
			if (!(chan->modes & (IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE | IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET))
			 || channel_get_user (chan, c))
				irc_send_rpl_list (c, chan);
	}
	else
	{
		struct str_vector channels;
		str_vector_init (&channels);
		cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[0], ',', &channels);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < channels.len; i++)
			if ((chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, channels.vector[i]))
			 && (!(chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET)
			 || channel_get_user (chan, c)))
				irc_send_rpl_list (c, chan);
		str_vector_free (&channels);
	}
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LISTEND);
}

static void
irc_append_prefixes (struct client *c, struct channel_user *user,
	struct str *output)
{
	struct str prefixes;
	str_init (&prefixes);

	if (user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR)  str_append_c (&prefixes, '@');
	if (user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_VOICE)     str_append_c (&prefixes, '+');

	if (prefixes.len)
	{
		if (c->caps_enabled & IRC_CAP_MULTI_PREFIX)
			str_append   (output, prefixes.str);
		else
			str_append_c (output, prefixes.str[0]);
	}
	str_free (&prefixes);
}

static char *
irc_make_rpl_namreply_item
	(struct client *c, struct client *target, struct channel_user *user)
{
	struct str result;
	str_init (&result);

	if (user)
		irc_append_prefixes (c, user, &result);

	str_append (&result, target->nickname);
	if (c->caps_enabled & IRC_CAP_USERHOST_IN_NAMES)
		str_append_printf (&result,
			"!%s@%s", target->username, target->hostname);
	return str_steal (&result);
}

static void
irc_send_rpl_namreply (struct client *c, const struct channel *chan,
	struct str_map *used_nicks)
{
	struct str_vector nicks;
	str_vector_init (&nicks);

	char type = '=';
	if (chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET)
		type = '@';
	else if (chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE)
		type = '*';

	bool on_channel = channel_get_user (chan, c);
	for (struct channel_user *iter = chan->users; iter; iter = iter->next)
	{
		if (!on_channel && (iter->c->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE))
			continue;
		if (used_nicks)
			str_map_set (used_nicks, iter->c->nickname, (void *) 1);
		str_vector_add_owned (&nicks,
			irc_make_rpl_namreply_item (c, iter->c, iter));
	}

	irc_send_reply_vector (c, IRC_RPL_NAMREPLY,
		nicks.vector, type, chan->name, "");
	str_vector_free (&nicks);
}

static void
irc_send_disassociated_names (struct client *c, struct str_map *used)
{
	struct str_vector nicks;
	str_vector_init (&nicks);

	struct str_map_iter iter;
	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->users);
	struct client *target;
	while ((target = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
	{
		if ((target->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE)
		 || str_map_find (used, target->nickname))
			continue;
		str_vector_add_owned (&nicks,
			irc_make_rpl_namreply_item (c, target, NULL));
	}

	if (nicks.len)
		irc_send_reply_vector (c, IRC_RPL_NAMREPLY,
			nicks.vector, '*', "*", "");
	str_vector_free (&nicks);
}

static void
irc_handle_names (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 1 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[1]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[1]);

	struct channel *chan;
	if (msg->params.len == 0)
	{
		struct str_map used;
		str_map_init (&used);
		used.key_xfrm = irc_strxfrm;

		struct str_map_iter iter;
		str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
		while ((chan = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
			if (!(chan->modes & (IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE | IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET))
			 || channel_get_user (chan, c))
				irc_send_rpl_namreply (c, chan, &used);

		// Also send all visible users we haven't listed yet
		irc_send_disassociated_names (c, &used);
		str_map_free (&used);

		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFNAMES, "*");
	}
	else
	{
		struct str_vector channels;
		str_vector_init (&channels);
		cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[0], ',', &channels);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < channels.len; i++)
			if ((chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, channels.vector[i]))
			 && (!(chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET)
			 || channel_get_user (chan, c)))
			{
				irc_send_rpl_namreply (c, chan, NULL);
				irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFNAMES, channels.vector[i]);
			}
		str_vector_free (&channels);
	}
}

static void
irc_send_rpl_whoreply (struct client *c, const struct channel *chan,
	const struct client *target)
{
	struct str chars;
	str_init (&chars);

	str_append_c (&chars, target->away_message ? 'G' : 'H');
	if (target->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR)
		str_append_c (&chars, '*');

	struct channel_user *user;
	if (chan && (user = channel_get_user (chan, target)))
		irc_append_prefixes (c, user, &chars);

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WHOREPLY, chan ? chan->name : "*",
		target->username, target->hostname, target->ctx->server_name,
		target->nickname, chars.str, 0 /* hop count */, target->realname);
	str_free (&chars);
}

static void
irc_match_send_rpl_whoreply (struct client *c, struct client *target,
	const char *mask)
{
	bool is_roommate = false;
	struct str_map_iter iter;
	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
	struct channel *chan;
	while ((chan = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
		if (channel_get_user (chan, target) && channel_get_user (chan, c))
		{
			is_roommate = true;
			break;
		}
	if ((target->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE) && !is_roommate)
		return;

	if (irc_fnmatch (mask, target->hostname)
	 && irc_fnmatch (mask, target->nickname)
	 && irc_fnmatch (mask, target->realname)
	 && irc_fnmatch (mask, c->ctx->server_name))
		return;

	// Try to find a channel they're on that's visible to us
	struct channel *user_chan = NULL;
	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
	while ((chan = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
		if (channel_get_user (chan, target)
		 && (!(chan->modes & (IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE | IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET))
			|| channel_get_user (chan, c)))
		{
			user_chan = chan;
			break;
		}
	irc_send_rpl_whoreply (c, user_chan, target);
}

static void
irc_handle_who (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	bool only_ops = msg->params.len > 1 && !strcmp (msg->params.vector[1], "o");

	const char *shown_mask = msg->params.vector[0], *used_mask;
	if (!shown_mask)
		used_mask = shown_mask = "*";
	else if (!strcmp (shown_mask, "0"))
		used_mask = "*";
	else
		used_mask = shown_mask;

	struct channel *chan;
	if ((chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, used_mask)))
	{
		bool on_chan = !!channel_get_user (chan, c);
		if (on_chan || !(chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET))
			for (struct channel_user *iter = chan->users;
				iter; iter = iter->next)
			{
				if ((on_chan || !(iter->c->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_INVISIBLE))
				 && (!only_ops || (iter->c->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR)))
					irc_send_rpl_whoreply (c, chan, iter->c);
			}
	}
	else
	{
		struct str_map_iter iter;
		str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->users);
		struct client *target;
		while ((target = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
			if (!only_ops || (target->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR))
				irc_match_send_rpl_whoreply (c, target, used_mask);
	}
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFWHO, shown_mask);
}

static void
irc_send_whois_reply (struct client *c, const struct client *target)
{
	const char *nick = target->nickname;
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WHOISUSER, nick,
		target->username, target->hostname, target->realname);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WHOISSERVER, nick, target->ctx->server_name,
		str_map_find (&c->ctx->config, "server_info"));
	if (target->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WHOISOPERATOR, nick);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WHOISIDLE, nick,
		(int) (time (NULL) - target->last_active));
	if (target->away_message)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_AWAY, nick, target->away_message);

	struct str_vector channels;
	str_vector_init (&channels);

	struct str_map_iter iter;
	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);
	struct channel *chan;
	struct channel_user *channel_user;
	while ((chan = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
		if ((channel_user = channel_get_user (chan, target))
		 && (!(chan->modes & (IRC_CHAN_MODE_PRIVATE | IRC_CHAN_MODE_SECRET))
			|| channel_get_user (chan, c)))
		{
			struct str item;
			str_init (&item);
			if (channel_user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR)
				str_append_c (&item, '@');
			else if (channel_user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_VOICE)
				str_append_c (&item, '+');
			str_append (&item, chan->name);
			str_vector_add_owned (&channels, str_steal (&item));
		}

	irc_send_reply_vector (c, IRC_RPL_WHOISCHANNELS, channels.vector, nick, "");
	str_vector_free (&channels);

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFWHOIS, nick);
}

static void
irc_handle_whois (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);
	if (msg->params.len > 1 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[0]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[0]);

	struct str_vector masks;
	str_vector_init (&masks);
	const char *masks_str = msg->params.vector[msg->params.len > 1];
	cstr_split_ignore_empty (masks_str, ',', &masks);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < masks.len; i++)
	{
		const char *mask = masks.vector[i];
		struct client *target;
		if (!strpbrk (mask, "*?"))
		{
			if (!(target = str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, mask)))
				irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHNICK, mask);
			else
				irc_send_whois_reply (c, target);
		}
		else
		{
			struct str_map_iter iter;
			str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->users);
			bool found = false;
			while ((target = str_map_iter_next (&iter))
				&& !irc_fnmatch (mask, target->nickname))
			{
				irc_send_whois_reply (c, target);
				found = true;
			}
			if (!found)
				irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHNICK, mask);
		}
	}
	str_vector_free (&masks);
}

static void
irc_handle_whowas (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);
	if (msg->params.len > 2 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[2]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[2]);
	// The "count" parameter is ignored, we only store one entry for a nick

	struct str_vector nicks;
	str_vector_init (&nicks);
	cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[0], ',', &nicks);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < nicks.len; i++)
	{
		const char *nick = nicks.vector[i];
		struct whowas_info *info = str_map_find (&c->ctx->whowas, nick);
		if (!info)
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_WASNOSUCHNICK, nick);
		else
		{
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WHOWASUSER, nick,
				info->username, info->hostname, info->realname);
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_WHOISSERVER, nick, c->ctx->server_name,
				str_map_find (&c->ctx->config, "server_info"));
		}
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFWHOWAS, nick);
	}
	str_vector_free (&nicks);
}

static void
irc_send_rpl_topic (struct client *c, struct channel *chan)
{
	if (!*chan->topic)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_NOTOPIC, chan->name);
	else
	{
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_TOPIC, chan->name, chan->topic);
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_TOPICWHOTIME,
			chan->name, chan->topic_who, (long long) chan->topic_time);
	}
}

static void
irc_handle_topic (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	const char *target = msg->params.vector[0];
	struct channel *chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, target);
	if (!chan)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL, target);

	if (msg->params.len < 2)
	{
		irc_send_rpl_topic (c, chan);
		return;
	}

	struct channel_user *user = channel_get_user (chan, c);
	if (!user)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOTONCHANNEL, target);

	if ((chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_PROTECTED_TOPIC)
	 && !(user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED, target);

	free (chan->topic);
	free (chan->topic_who);
	chan->topic = xstrdup (msg->params.vector[1]);
	chan->topic_who = xstrdup_printf
		("%s!%s@%s", c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname);
	chan->topic_time = time (NULL);

	char *message = xstrdup_printf (":%s!%s@%s TOPIC %s :%s",
		c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, target, chan->topic);
	irc_channel_multicast (chan, message, NULL);
	free (message);
}

static void
irc_try_part (struct client *c, const char *channel_name, const char *reason)
{
	if (!reason)
		reason = c->nickname;

	struct channel *chan;
	if (!(chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, channel_name)))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL, channel_name);

	struct channel_user *user;
	if (!(user = channel_get_user (chan, c)))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOTONCHANNEL, channel_name);

	char *message = xstrdup_printf (":%s!%s@%s PART %s :%s",
		c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, channel_name, reason);
	if (!(chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_QUIET))
		irc_channel_multicast (chan, message, NULL);
	else
		client_send (c, "%s", message);
	free (message);

	channel_remove_user (chan, user);
	irc_channel_destroy_if_empty (c->ctx, chan);
}

static void
irc_part_all_channels (struct client *c)
{
	// We have to be careful here, the channel might get destroyed
	struct str_map_unset_iter iter;
	str_map_unset_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->channels);

	struct channel *chan;
	while ((chan = str_map_unset_iter_next (&iter)))
		if (channel_get_user (chan, c))
			irc_try_part (c, chan->name, NULL);
	str_map_unset_iter_free (&iter);
}

static void
irc_handle_part (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	const char *reason = msg->params.len > 1 ? msg->params.vector[1] : NULL;
	struct str_vector channels;
	str_vector_init (&channels);
	cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[0], ',', &channels);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < channels.len; i++)
		irc_try_part (c, channels.vector[i], reason);
	str_vector_free (&channels);
}

static void
irc_try_kick (struct client *c, const char *channel_name, const char *nick,
	const char *reason)
{
	struct channel *chan;
	if (!(chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, channel_name)))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHCHANNEL, channel_name);

	struct channel_user *user;
	if (!(user = channel_get_user (chan, c)))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOTONCHANNEL, channel_name);
	if (!(user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED, channel_name);

	struct client *client;
	if (!(client = str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, nick))
	 || !(user = channel_get_user (chan, client)))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_USERNOTINCHANNEL, nick, channel_name);

	char *message = xstrdup_printf (":%s!%s@%s KICK %s %s :%s",
		c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, channel_name, nick, reason);
	if (!(chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_QUIET))
		irc_channel_multicast (chan, message, NULL);
	else
		client_send (c, "%s", message);
	free (message);

	channel_remove_user (chan, user);
	irc_channel_destroy_if_empty (c->ctx, chan);
}

static void
irc_handle_kick (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 2)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	const char *reason = c->nickname;
	if (msg->params.len > 2)
		reason = msg->params.vector[2];

	struct str_vector channels;
	struct str_vector users;
	str_vector_init (&channels);
	str_vector_init (&users);
	cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[0], ',', &channels);
	cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[1], ',', &users);

	if (channels.len == 1)
		for (size_t i = 0; i < users.len; i++)
			irc_try_kick (c, channels.vector[0], users.vector[i], reason);
	else
		for (size_t i = 0; i < channels.len && i < users.len; i++)
			irc_try_kick (c, channels.vector[i], users.vector[i], reason);

	str_vector_free (&channels);
	str_vector_free (&users);
}

static void
irc_send_invite_notifications
	(struct channel *chan, struct client *c, struct client *target)
{
	for (struct channel_user *iter = chan->users; iter; iter = iter->next)
		if (iter->c != target && iter->c->caps_enabled & IRC_CAP_INVITE_NOTIFY)
			client_send (iter->c, ":%s!%s@%s INVITE %s %s",
				c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname,
				target->nickname, chan->name);
}

static void
irc_handle_invite (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 2)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	const char *target       = msg->params.vector[0];
	const char *channel_name = msg->params.vector[1];

	struct client *client = str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, target);
	if (!client)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHNICK, target);

	struct channel *chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, channel_name);
	if (chan)
	{
		struct channel_user *inviting_user;
		if (!(inviting_user = channel_get_user (chan, c)))
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOTONCHANNEL, channel_name);
		if (channel_get_user (chan, client))
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_USERONCHANNEL, target, channel_name);

		if ((inviting_user->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR))
			str_map_set (&client->invites, channel_name, (void *) 1);
		else if ((chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_INVITE_ONLY))
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_CHANOPRIVSNEEDED, channel_name);

		// It's not specified when and how we should send out invite-notify
		if (chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_INVITE_ONLY)
			irc_send_invite_notifications (chan, c, client);
	}

	client_send (client, ":%s!%s@%s INVITE %s %s",
		c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, client->nickname, channel_name);
	if (client->away_message)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_AWAY,
			client->nickname, client->away_message);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_INVITING, client->nickname, channel_name);
}

static void
irc_try_join (struct client *c, const char *channel_name, const char *key)
{
	struct channel *chan = str_map_find (&c->ctx->channels, channel_name);
	unsigned user_mode = 0;
	if (!chan)
	{
		if (irc_validate_channel_name (channel_name) != VALIDATION_OK)
			RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_BADCHANMASK, channel_name);
		chan = irc_channel_create (c->ctx, channel_name);
		user_mode = IRC_CHAN_MODE_OPERATOR;
	}
	else if (channel_get_user (chan, c))
		return;

	bool invited_by_chanop = str_map_find (&c->invites, channel_name);
	if ((chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_INVITE_ONLY)
	 && !client_in_mask_list (c, &chan->invite_list)
	 && !invited_by_chanop)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_INVITEONLYCHAN, channel_name);
	if (chan->key && (!key || strcmp (key, chan->key)))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_BADCHANNELKEY, channel_name);
	if (chan->user_limit != -1
	 && channel_user_count (chan) >= (size_t) chan->user_limit)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_CHANNELISFULL, channel_name);
	if (client_in_mask_list (c, &chan->ban_list)
	 && !client_in_mask_list (c, &chan->exception_list)
	 && !invited_by_chanop)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_BANNEDFROMCHAN, channel_name);

	// Destroy any invitation as there's no other way to get rid of it
	str_map_set (&c->invites, channel_name, NULL);

	channel_add_user (chan, c)->modes = user_mode;

	char *message = xstrdup_printf (":%s!%s@%s JOIN %s",
		c->nickname, c->username, c->hostname, channel_name);
	if (!(chan->modes & IRC_CHAN_MODE_QUIET))
		irc_channel_multicast (chan, message, NULL);
	else
		client_send (c, "%s", message);
	free (message);

	irc_send_rpl_topic (c, chan);
	irc_send_rpl_namreply (c, chan, NULL);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFNAMES, chan->name);
}

static void
irc_handle_join (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	if (!strcmp (msg->params.vector[0], "0"))
	{
		irc_part_all_channels (c);
		return;
	}

	struct str_vector channels;
	struct str_vector keys;
	str_vector_init (&channels);
	str_vector_init (&keys);
	cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[0], ',', &channels);
	if (msg->params.len > 1)
		cstr_split_ignore_empty (msg->params.vector[1], ',', &keys);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < channels.len; i++)
		irc_try_join (c, channels.vector[i],
			i < keys.len ? keys.vector[i] : NULL);

	str_vector_free (&channels);
	str_vector_free (&keys);
}

static void
irc_handle_summon (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	(void) msg;
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_SUMMONDISABLED);
}

static void
irc_handle_users (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	(void) msg;
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_USERSDISABLED);
}

static void
irc_handle_away (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
	{
		free (c->away_message);
		c->away_message = NULL;
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_UNAWAY);
	}
	else
	{
		free (c->away_message);
		c->away_message = xstrdup (msg->params.vector[0]);
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_NOWAWAY);
	}
}

static void
irc_handle_ison (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 1)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);

	struct str result;
	str_init (&result);

	const char *nick;
	if (str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, (nick = msg->params.vector[0])))
		str_append (&result, nick);
	for (size_t i = 1; i < msg->params.len; i++)
		if (str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, (nick = msg->params.vector[i])))
			str_append_printf (&result, " %s", nick);

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ISON, result.str);
	str_free (&result);
}

static void
irc_handle_admin (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 0 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[0]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[0]);
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOADMININFO, c->ctx->server_name);
}

static void
irc_handle_stats_links (struct client *c, const struct irc_message *msg)
{
	// There is only an "l" query in RFC 2812 but we cannot link,
	// so instead we provide the "L" query giving information for all users
	const char *filter = NULL;
	if (msg->params.len > 1)
		filter = msg->params.vector[1];

	for (struct client *iter = c->ctx->clients; iter; iter = iter->next)
	{
		if (filter && irc_strcmp (iter->nickname, filter))
			continue;
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_STATSLINKINFO,
			iter->address,           // linkname
			iter->write_buffer.len,  // sendq
			iter->n_sent_messages,     iter->sent_bytes     / 1024,
			iter->n_received_messages, iter->received_bytes / 1024,
			(long long) (time (NULL) - iter->opened));
	}
}

static void
irc_handle_stats_commands (struct client *c)
{
	struct str_map_iter iter;
	str_map_iter_init (&iter, &c->ctx->handlers);
	struct irc_command *handler;
	while ((handler = str_map_iter_next (&iter)))
	{
		if (!handler->n_received)
			continue;
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_STATSCOMMANDS, handler->name,
			handler->n_received, handler->bytes_received, (size_t) 0);
	}
}

static void
irc_handle_stats_uptime (struct client *c)
{
	time_t uptime = time (NULL) - c->ctx->started;

	int days  =  uptime                   / 60 / 60 / 24;
	int hours = (uptime % (60 * 60 * 24)) / 60 / 60;
	int mins  = (uptime % (60 * 60))      / 60;
	int secs  =  uptime %  60;

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_STATSUPTIME, days, hours, mins, secs);
}

static void
irc_handle_stats (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	char query;
	if (msg->params.len < 1 || !(query = *msg->params.vector[0]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);
	if (msg->params.len > 1 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[1]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[1]);
	if (!(c->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOPRIVILEGES);

	switch (query)
	{
	case 'L': irc_handle_stats_links    (c, msg); break;
	case 'm': irc_handle_stats_commands (c);      break;
	case 'u': irc_handle_stats_uptime   (c);      break;
	}

	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFSTATS, query);
}

static void
irc_handle_links (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len > 1 && !irc_is_this_me (c->ctx, msg->params.vector[0]))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER, msg->params.vector[0]);

	const char *mask = "*";
	if (msg->params.len > 0)
		mask = msg->params.vector[msg->params.len > 1];

	if (!irc_fnmatch (mask, c->ctx->server_name))
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_LINKS, mask,
			c->ctx->server_name, 0 /* hop count */,
			str_map_find (&c->ctx->config, "server_info"));
	irc_send_reply (c, IRC_RPL_ENDOFLINKS, mask);
}

static void
irc_handle_kill (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	if (msg->params.len < 2)
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NEEDMOREPARAMS, msg->command);
	if (!(c->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOPRIVILEGES);

	struct client *target;
	if (!(target = str_map_find (&c->ctx->users, msg->params.vector[0])))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOSUCHNICK, msg->params.vector[0]);
	char *reason = xstrdup_printf ("Killed by %s: %s",
		c->nickname, msg->params.vector[1]);
	client_close_link (target, reason);
	free (reason);
}

static void
irc_handle_die (const struct irc_message *msg, struct client *c)
{
	(void) msg;

	if (!(c->mode & IRC_USER_MODE_OPERATOR))
		RETURN_WITH_REPLY (c, IRC_ERR_NOPRIVILEGES);
	if (!c->ctx->quitting)
		irc_initiate_quit (c->ctx);
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static void
irc_register_handlers (struct server_context *ctx)
{
	// TODO: add an index for IRC_ERR_NOSUCHSERVER validation?
	// TODO: add a minimal parameter count?
	// TODO: add a field for oper-only commands?
	static struct irc_command message_handlers[] =
	{
		{ "CAP",      false, irc_handle_cap,      0, 0 },
		{ "PASS",     false, irc_handle_pass,     0, 0 },
		{ "NICK",     false, irc_handle_nick,     0, 0 },
		{ "USER",     false, irc_handle_user,     0, 0 },

		{ "USERHOST", true,  irc_handle_userhost, 0, 0 },
		{ "LUSERS",   true,  irc_handle_lusers,   0, 0 },
		{ "MOTD",     true,  irc_handle_motd,     0, 0 },
		{ "PING",     true,  irc_handle_ping,     0, 0 },
		{ "PONG",     false, irc_handle_pong,     0, 0 },
		{ "QUIT",     false, irc_handle_quit,     0, 0 },
		{ "TIME",     true,  irc_handle_time,     0, 0 },
		{ "VERSION",  true,  irc_handle_version,  0, 0 },
		{ "USERS",    true,  irc_handle_users,    0, 0 },
		{ "SUMMON",   true,  irc_handle_summon,   0, 0 },
		{ "AWAY",     true,  irc_handle_away,     0, 0 },
		{ "ADMIN",    true,  irc_handle_admin,    0, 0 },
		{ "STATS",    true,  irc_handle_stats,    0, 0 },
		{ "LINKS",    true,  irc_handle_links,    0, 0 },

		{ "MODE",     true,  irc_handle_mode,     0, 0 },
		{ "PRIVMSG",  true,  irc_handle_privmsg,  0, 0 },
		{ "NOTICE",   true,  irc_handle_notice,   0, 0 },
		{ "JOIN",     true,  irc_handle_join,     0, 0 },
		{ "PART",     true,  irc_handle_part,     0, 0 },
		{ "KICK",     true,  irc_handle_kick,     0, 0 },
		{ "INVITE",   true,  irc_handle_invite,   0, 0 },
		{ "TOPIC",    true,  irc_handle_topic,    0, 0 },
		{ "LIST",     true,  irc_handle_list,     0, 0 },
		{ "NAMES",    true,  irc_handle_names,    0, 0 },
		{ "WHO",      true,  irc_handle_who,      0, 0 },
		{ "WHOIS",    true,  irc_handle_whois,    0, 0 },
		{ "WHOWAS",   true,  irc_handle_whowas,   0, 0 },
		{ "ISON",     true,  irc_handle_ison,     0, 0 },

		{ "KILL",     true,  irc_handle_kill,     0, 0 },
		{ "DIE",      true,  irc_handle_die,      0, 0 },
	};

	for (size_t i = 0; i < N_ELEMENTS (message_handlers); i++)
	{
		const struct irc_command *cmd = &message_handlers[i];
		str_map_set (&ctx->handlers, cmd->name, (void *) cmd);
	}
}

static void
irc_process_message (const struct irc_message *msg,
	const char *raw, void *user_data)
{
	(void) raw;

	struct client *c = user_data;
	if (c->closing_link)
		return;

	c->n_received_messages++;
	c->received_bytes += strlen (raw) + 2;

	if (!flood_detector_check (&c->antiflood))
	{
		client_close_link (c, "Excess flood");
		return;
	}

	struct irc_command *cmd = str_map_find (&c->ctx->handlers, msg->command);
	if (!cmd)
		irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_UNKNOWNCOMMAND, msg->command);
	else
	{
		cmd->n_received++;
		cmd->bytes_received += strlen (raw) + 2;

		if (cmd->requires_registration && !c->registered)
			irc_send_reply (c, IRC_ERR_NOTREGISTERED);
		else
			cmd->handler (msg, c);
	}
}

// --- Network I/O -------------------------------------------------------------

static bool
irc_try_read (struct client *c)
{
	struct str *buf = &c->read_buffer;
	ssize_t n_read;

	while (true)
	{
		str_ensure_space (buf, 512);
		n_read = recv (c->socket_fd, buf->str + buf->len,
			buf->alloc - buf->len - 1 /* null byte */, 0);

		if (n_read > 0)
		{
			buf->str[buf->len += n_read] = '\0';
			// TODO: discard characters above the 512 character limit
			irc_process_buffer (buf, irc_process_message, c);
			continue;
		}
		if (n_read == 0)
		{
			client_kill (c, NULL);
			return false;
		}

		if (errno == EAGAIN)
			return true;
		if (errno == EINTR)
			continue;

		print_debug ("%s: %s: %s", __func__, "recv", strerror (errno));
		client_kill (c, strerror (errno));
		return false;
	}
}

static bool
irc_try_read_tls (struct client *c)
{
	if (c->ssl_tx_want_rx)
		return true;

	struct str *buf = &c->read_buffer;
	c->ssl_rx_want_tx = false;
	while (true)
	{
		str_ensure_space (buf, 512);
		ERR_clear_error ();
		int n_read = SSL_read (c->ssl, buf->str + buf->len,
			buf->alloc - buf->len - 1 /* null byte */);

		const char *error_info = NULL;
		switch (xssl_get_error (c->ssl, n_read, &error_info))
		{
		case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
			buf->str[buf->len += n_read] = '\0';
			// TODO: discard characters above the 512 character limit
			irc_process_buffer (buf, irc_process_message, c);
			continue;
		case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
			client_kill (c, NULL);
			return false;
		case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
			return true;
		case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
			c->ssl_rx_want_tx = true;
			return true;
		case XSSL_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN:
			continue;
		default:
			print_debug ("%s: %s: %s", __func__, "SSL_read", error_info);
			client_kill (c, error_info);
			return false;
		}
	}
}

static bool
irc_try_write (struct client *c)
{
	struct str *buf = &c->write_buffer;
	ssize_t n_written;

	while (buf->len)
	{
		n_written = send (c->socket_fd, buf->str, buf->len, 0);
		if (n_written >= 0)
		{
			str_remove_slice (buf, 0, n_written);
			continue;
		}

		if (errno == EAGAIN)
			return true;
		if (errno == EINTR)
			continue;

		print_debug ("%s: %s: %s", __func__, "send", strerror (errno));
		client_kill (c, strerror (errno));
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static bool
irc_try_write_tls (struct client *c)
{
	if (c->ssl_rx_want_tx)
		return true;

	struct str *buf = &c->write_buffer;
	c->ssl_tx_want_rx = false;
	while (buf->len)
	{
		ERR_clear_error ();
		int n_written = SSL_write (c->ssl, buf->str, buf->len);

		const char *error_info = NULL;
		switch (xssl_get_error (c->ssl, n_written, &error_info))
		{
		case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
			str_remove_slice (buf, 0, n_written);
			continue;
		case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
			client_kill (c, NULL);
			return false;
		case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
			return true;
		case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
			c->ssl_tx_want_rx = true;
			return true;
		case XSSL_ERROR_TRY_AGAIN:
			continue;
		default:
			print_debug ("%s: %s: %s", __func__, "SSL_write", error_info);
			client_kill (c, error_info);
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static bool
irc_autodetect_tls (struct client *c)
{
	// Trivial SSL/TLS autodetection.  The first block of data returned by
	// recv() must be at least three bytes long for this to work reliably,
	// but that should not pose a problem in practice.
	//
	// SSL2:      1xxx xxxx | xxxx xxxx |    <1>
	//               (message length)  (client hello)
	// SSL3/TLS:    <22>    |    <3>    | xxxx xxxx
	//           (handshake)|  (protocol version)
	//
	// Such byte sequences should never occur at the beginning of regular IRC
	// communication, which usually begins with USER/NICK/PASS/SERVICE.

	char buf[3];
start:
	switch (recv (c->socket_fd, buf, sizeof buf, MSG_PEEK))
	{
	case 3:
		if ((buf[0] & 0x80) && buf[2] == 1)
			return true;
	case 2:
		if (buf[0] == 22 && buf[1] == 3)
			return true;
		break;
	case 1:
		if (buf[0] == 22)
			return true;
		break;
	case 0:
		break;
	default:
		if (errno == EINTR)
			goto start;
	}
	return false;
}

static bool
client_initialize_tls (struct client *c)
{
	const char *error_info = NULL;
	if (!c->ctx->ssl_ctx)
	{
		error_info = "TLS support disabled";
		goto error_ssl_1;
	}

	ERR_clear_error ();

	c->ssl = SSL_new (c->ctx->ssl_ctx);
	if (!c->ssl)
		goto error_ssl_2;
	if (!SSL_set_fd (c->ssl, c->socket_fd))
		goto error_ssl_3;

	SSL_set_accept_state (c->ssl);
	return true;

error_ssl_3:
	SSL_free (c->ssl);
	c->ssl = NULL;
error_ssl_2:
	error_info = ERR_reason_error_string (ERR_get_error ());
error_ssl_1:
	print_debug ("could not initialize TLS for %s: %s", c->address, error_info);
	return false;
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static void
on_client_ready (const struct pollfd *pfd, void *user_data)
{
	struct client *c = user_data;
	if (!c->initialized)
	{
		hard_assert (pfd->events == POLLIN);
		if (irc_autodetect_tls (c) && !client_initialize_tls (c))
		{
			client_kill (c, NULL);
			return;
		}
		c->initialized = true;
		client_set_ping_timer (c);
	}

	if (c->ssl)
	{
		// Reads may want to write, writes may want to read, poll() may
		// return unexpected things in `revents'... let's try both
		if (!irc_try_read_tls (c) || !irc_try_write_tls (c))
			return;
	}
	else if (!irc_try_read (c) || !irc_try_write (c))
		return;

	client_update_poller (c, pfd);

	// The purpose of the `closing_link' state is to transfer the `ERROR'
	if (c->closing_link && !c->half_closed && !c->write_buffer.len)
	{
		// To make sure the client has received our ERROR message, we must
		// first half-close the connection, otherwise it could happen that they
		// receive a RST from our TCP stack first when we receive further data

		// We only send the "close notify" alert if libssl can write to the
		// socket at this moment.  All the other data has been already written,
		// though, and the client will receive a TCP half-close as usual, so
		// it's not that important if the alert actually gets through.
		if (c->ssl)
			(void) SSL_shutdown (c->ssl);

		// Either the shutdown succeeds, in which case we set a flag so that
		// we don't retry this action and wait until we get an EOF, or it fails
		// and we just kill the client straight away
		if (!shutdown (c->socket_fd, SHUT_WR))
			c->half_closed = true;
		else
			client_kill (c, NULL);
	}
}

static void
client_update_poller (struct client *c, const struct pollfd *pfd)
{
	// We must not poll for writing when the connection hasn't been initialized
	int new_events = POLLIN;
	if (c->ssl)
	{
		if (c->write_buffer.len || c->ssl_rx_want_tx)
			new_events |= POLLOUT;

		// While we're waiting for an opposite event, we ignore the original
		if (c->ssl_rx_want_tx)  new_events &= ~POLLIN;
		if (c->ssl_tx_want_rx)  new_events &= ~POLLOUT;
	}
	else if (c->initialized && c->write_buffer.len)
		new_events |= POLLOUT;

	hard_assert (new_events != 0);
	if (!pfd || pfd->events != new_events)
		poller_fd_set (&c->socket_event, new_events);
}

static void
client_finish_connection (struct client *c)
{
	c->gni = NULL;

	c->address = format_host_port_pair (c->hostname, c->port);
	print_debug ("accepted connection from %s", c->address);

	client_update_poller (c, NULL);
	client_set_kill_timer (c);
}

static void
on_client_gni_resolved (int result, char *host, char *port, void *user_data)
{
	struct client *c = user_data;

	if (result)
		print_debug ("%s: %s", "getnameinfo", gai_strerror (result));
	else
	{
		free (c->hostname);
		c->hostname = xstrdup (host);
		(void) port;
	}

	poller_timer_reset (&c->gni_timer);
	client_finish_connection (c);
}

static void
on_client_gni_timer (void *user_data)
{
	struct client *c = user_data;
	async_cancel (&c->gni->async);
	client_finish_connection (c);
}

static bool
irc_try_fetch_client (struct server_context *ctx, int listen_fd)
{
	// XXX: `struct sockaddr_storage' is not the most portable thing
	struct sockaddr_storage peer;
	socklen_t peer_len = sizeof peer;

	int fd = accept (listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *) &peer, &peer_len);
	if (fd == -1)
	{
		if (errno == EAGAIN)
			return false;
		if (errno == EINTR
		 || errno == ECONNABORTED)
			return true;

		// TODO: handle resource exhaustion (EMFILE, ENFILE) specially
		//   (stop accepting new connections and wait until we close some;
		//   also set a timer in case of ENFILE).
		print_fatal ("%s: %s", "accept", strerror (errno));
		irc_initiate_quit (ctx);
		return false;
	}

	set_blocking (fd, false);

	// A little bit questionable once the traffic gets high enough (IMO),
	// but it reduces silly latencies that we don't need because we already
	// do buffer our output
	int yes = 1;
	soft_assert (setsockopt (fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY,
		&yes, sizeof yes) != -1);

	if (ctx->max_connections != 0 && ctx->n_clients >= ctx->max_connections)
	{
		print_debug ("connection limit reached, refusing connection");
		close (fd);
		return true;
	}

	char host[NI_MAXHOST] = "unknown", port[NI_MAXSERV] = "unknown";
	int err = getnameinfo ((struct sockaddr *) &peer, peer_len,
		host, sizeof host, port, sizeof port, NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
	if (err)
		print_debug ("%s: %s", "getnameinfo", gai_strerror (err));

	struct client *c = client_new ();
	c->ctx = ctx;
	c->opened = time (NULL);
	c->socket_fd = fd;
	c->hostname = xstrdup (host);
	c->port = xstrdup (port);
	c->last_active = time (NULL);
	LIST_PREPEND (ctx->clients, c);
	ctx->n_clients++;

	poller_fd_init (&c->socket_event, &c->ctx->poller, c->socket_fd);
	c->socket_event.dispatcher = (poller_fd_fn) on_client_ready;
	c->socket_event.user_data = c;

	poller_timer_init (&c->kill_timer, &c->ctx->poller);
	c->kill_timer.dispatcher = on_client_kill_timer;
	c->kill_timer.user_data = c;

	poller_timer_init (&c->timeout_timer, &c->ctx->poller);
	c->timeout_timer.dispatcher = on_client_timeout_timer;
	c->timeout_timer.user_data = c;

	poller_timer_init (&c->ping_timer, &c->ctx->poller);
	c->ping_timer.dispatcher = on_client_ping_timer;
	c->ping_timer.user_data = c;

	// Resolve the client's hostname first; this is a blocking operation that
	// depends on the network, so run it asynchronously with some timeout
	// FIXME: we can run out of threads when there's a lot of connections
	c->gni = async_getnameinfo (&ctx->poller.common.async,
		(const struct sockaddr *) &peer, peer_len, NI_NUMERICSERV);
	c->gni->dispatcher = on_client_gni_resolved;
	c->gni->user_data = c;

	poller_timer_init (&c->gni_timer, &c->ctx->poller);
	c->gni_timer.dispatcher = on_client_gni_timer;
	c->gni_timer.user_data = c;

	poller_timer_set (&c->gni_timer, 5000);
	return true;
}

static void
on_irc_client_available (const struct pollfd *pfd, void *user_data)
{
	struct server_context *ctx = user_data;
	while (irc_try_fetch_client (ctx, pfd->fd))
		;
}

// --- Application setup -------------------------------------------------------

static int
irc_ssl_verify_callback (int verify_ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
{
	(void) verify_ok;
	(void) ctx;

	// We only want to provide additional privileges based on the client's
	// certificate, so let's not terminate the connection because of a failure.
	return 1;
}

static void
irc_ssl_info_callback (const SSL *ssl, int where, int ret)
{
	// For debugging only; provides us with the most important information

	struct str s;
	str_init (&s);

	if (where & SSL_CB_LOOP)
		str_append_printf (&s, "loop (%s) ",
			SSL_state_string_long (ssl));
	if (where & SSL_CB_EXIT)
		str_append_printf (&s, "exit (%d in %s) ", ret,
			SSL_state_string_long (ssl));

	if (where & SSL_CB_READ)   str_append (&s, "read ");
	if (where & SSL_CB_WRITE)  str_append (&s, "write ");

	if (where & SSL_CB_ALERT)
		str_append_printf (&s, "alert (%s: %s) ",
			SSL_alert_type_string_long (ret),
			SSL_alert_desc_string_long (ret));

	if (where & SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START)  str_append (&s, "handshake start ");
	if (where & SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE)   str_append (&s, "handshake done ");

	print_debug ("ssl <%p> %s", ssl, s.str);
	str_free (&s);
}

static bool
irc_initialize_ssl_ctx (struct server_context *ctx,
	const char *cert_path, const char *key_path, struct error **e)
{
	ERR_clear_error ();

	ctx->ssl_ctx = SSL_CTX_new (SSLv23_server_method ());
	if (!ctx->ssl_ctx)
	{
		error_set (e, "%s: %s", "could not initialize TLS",
			ERR_reason_error_string (ERR_get_error ()));
		return false;
	}
	SSL_CTX_set_verify (ctx->ssl_ctx,
		SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE, irc_ssl_verify_callback);

	if (g_debug_mode)
		SSL_CTX_set_info_callback (ctx->ssl_ctx, irc_ssl_info_callback);

	const unsigned char session_id_context[SSL_MAX_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH]
		= PROGRAM_NAME;
	(void) SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context (ctx->ssl_ctx,
		session_id_context, sizeof session_id_context);

	// Gah, spare me your awkward semantics, I just want to push data!
	SSL_CTX_set_mode (ctx->ssl_ctx,
		SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER | SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE);

	// Disable deprecated protocols (see RFC 7568)
	SSL_CTX_set_options (ctx->ssl_ctx, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3);

	// XXX: perhaps we should read the files ourselves for better messages
	const char *ciphers = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "tls_ciphers");
	if (!SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list (ctx->ssl_ctx, ciphers))
		error_set (e, "failed to select any cipher from the cipher list");
	else if (!SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file (ctx->ssl_ctx, cert_path))
		error_set (e, "%s: %s", "setting the TLS certificate failed",
			ERR_reason_error_string (ERR_get_error ()));
	else if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file
		(ctx->ssl_ctx, key_path, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM))
		error_set (e, "%s: %s", "setting the TLS private key failed",
			ERR_reason_error_string (ERR_get_error ()));
	else
		// TODO: SSL_CTX_check_private_key()?  It has probably already been
		//   checked by SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file() above.
		return true;

	SSL_CTX_free (ctx->ssl_ctx);
	ctx->ssl_ctx = NULL;
	return false;
}

static bool
irc_initialize_tls (struct server_context *ctx, struct error **e)
{
	const char *tls_cert = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "tls_cert");
	const char *tls_key  = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "tls_key");

	// Only try to enable SSL support if the user configures it; it is not
	// a failure if no one has requested it.
	if (!tls_cert && !tls_key)
		return true;

	if (!tls_cert)
		error_set (e, "no TLS certificate set");
	else if (!tls_key)
		error_set (e, "no TLS private key set");
	if (!tls_cert || !tls_key)
		return false;

	bool result = false;

	char *cert_path = resolve_filename
		(tls_cert, resolve_relative_config_filename);
	char *key_path = resolve_filename
		(tls_key, resolve_relative_config_filename);
	if (!cert_path)
		error_set (e, "%s: %s", "cannot open file", tls_cert);
	else if (!key_path)
		error_set (e, "%s: %s", "cannot open file", tls_key);
	else
		result = irc_initialize_ssl_ctx (ctx, cert_path, key_path, e);

	free (cert_path);
	free (key_path);
	return result;
}

static bool
irc_initialize_catalog (struct server_context *ctx, struct error **e)
{
	hard_assert (ctx->catalog == (nl_catd) -1);
	const char *catalog = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "catalog");
	if (!catalog)
		return true;

	char *path = resolve_filename (catalog, resolve_relative_config_filename);
	if (!path)
	{
		error_set (e, "%s: %s", "cannot open file", catalog);
		return false;
	}
	ctx->catalog = catopen (path, NL_CAT_LOCALE);
	free (path);

	if (ctx->catalog == (nl_catd) -1)
	{
		error_set (e, "%s: %s",
			"failed reading the message catalog file", strerror (errno));
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static bool
irc_initialize_motd (struct server_context *ctx, struct error **e)
{
	hard_assert (ctx->motd.len == 0);
	const char *motd = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "motd");
	if (!motd)
		return true;

	char *path = resolve_filename (motd, resolve_relative_config_filename);
	if (!path)
	{
		error_set (e, "%s: %s", "cannot open file", motd);
		return false;
	}
	FILE *fp = fopen (path, "r");
	free (path);

	if (!fp)
	{
		error_set (e, "%s: %s",
			"failed reading the MOTD file", strerror (errno));
		return false;
	}

	struct str line;
	str_init (&line);
	while (read_line (fp, &line))
		str_vector_add_owned (&ctx->motd, str_steal (&line));
	str_free (&line);

	fclose (fp);
	return true;
}

/// This function handles values that require validation before their first use,
/// or some kind of a transformation (such as conversion to an integer) needs
/// to be done before they can be used directly.
static bool
irc_parse_config (struct server_context *ctx, struct error **e)
{
	unsigned long ul;
#define PARSE_UNSIGNED(name, min, max)                                         \
	const char *name = str_map_find (&ctx->config, #name);                     \
	hard_assert (name != NULL);                                                \
	if (!xstrtoul (&ul, name, 10) || ul > max || ul < min)                     \
	{                                                                          \
		error_set (e, "invalid configuration value for `%s': %s",              \
			#name, "the number is invalid or out of range");                   \
		return false;                                                          \
	}                                                                          \
	ctx->name = ul

	PARSE_UNSIGNED (ping_interval,   1, UINT_MAX);
	PARSE_UNSIGNED (max_connections, 0, UINT_MAX);

	bool result = true;
	struct str_vector fingerprints;
	str_vector_init (&fingerprints);
	const char *operators = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "operators");
	if (operators)
		cstr_split_ignore_empty (operators, ',', &fingerprints);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < fingerprints.len; i++)
	{
		const char *key = fingerprints.vector[i];
		if (!irc_is_valid_fingerprint (key))
		{
			error_set (e, "invalid configuration value for `%s': %s",
				"operators", "invalid fingerprint value");
			result = false;
			break;
		}
		str_map_set (&ctx->operators, key, (void *) 1);
	}
	str_vector_free (&fingerprints);
	return result;
}

static bool
irc_initialize_server_name (struct server_context *ctx, struct error **e)
{
	enum validation_result res;
	const char *server_name = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "server_name");
	if (server_name)
	{
		res = irc_validate_hostname (server_name);
		if (res != VALIDATION_OK)
		{
			error_set (e, "invalid configuration value for `%s': %s",
				"server_name", irc_validate_to_str (res));
			return false;
		}
		ctx->server_name = xstrdup (server_name);
	}
	else
	{
		long host_name_max = sysconf (_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX);
		if (host_name_max <= 0)
			host_name_max = _POSIX_HOST_NAME_MAX;

		char hostname[host_name_max + 1];
		if (gethostname (hostname, sizeof hostname))
		{
			error_set (e, "%s: %s",
				"getting the hostname failed", strerror (errno));
			return false;
		}
		res = irc_validate_hostname (hostname);
		if (res != VALIDATION_OK)
		{
			error_set (e,
				"`%s' is not set and the hostname (`%s') cannot be used: %s",
				"server_name", hostname, irc_validate_to_str (res));
			return false;
		}
		ctx->server_name = xstrdup (hostname);
	}
	return true;
}

static bool
lock_pid_file (const char *path, struct error **e)
{
	// When using XDG_RUNTIME_DIR, the file needs to either have its
	// access time bumped every 6 hours, or have the sticky bit set
	int fd = open (path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT,
		S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH /* 644 */ | S_ISVTX /* sticky */);
	if (fd < 0)
	{
		error_set (e, "can't open `%s': %s", path, strerror (errno));
		return false;
	}

	struct flock lock =
	{
		.l_type = F_WRLCK,
		.l_start = 0,
		.l_whence = SEEK_SET,
		.l_len = 0,
	};
	if (fcntl (fd, F_SETLK, &lock))
	{
		error_set (e, "can't lock `%s': %s", path, strerror (errno));
		xclose (fd);
		return false;
	}

	struct str pid;
	str_init (&pid);
	str_append_printf (&pid, "%ld", (long) getpid ());

	if (ftruncate (fd, 0)
	 || write (fd, pid.str, pid.len) != (ssize_t) pid.len)
	{
		error_set (e, "can't write to `%s': %s", path, strerror (errno));
		xclose (fd);
		return false;
	}
	str_free (&pid);

	// Intentionally not closing the file descriptor; it must stay alive
	// for the entire life of the application
	return true;
}

static bool
irc_lock_pid_file (struct server_context *ctx, struct error **e)
{
	const char *path = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "pid_file");
	if (!path)
		return true;

	char *resolved = resolve_filename (path, resolve_relative_runtime_filename);
	bool result = lock_pid_file (resolved, e);
	free (resolved);
	return result;
}

static int
irc_listen (struct addrinfo *gai_iter)
{
	int fd = socket (gai_iter->ai_family,
		gai_iter->ai_socktype, gai_iter->ai_protocol);
	if (fd == -1)
		return -1;
	set_cloexec (fd);

	int yes = 1;
	soft_assert (setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE,
		&yes, sizeof yes) != -1);
	soft_assert (setsockopt (fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
		&yes, sizeof yes) != -1);

	char host[NI_MAXHOST], port[NI_MAXSERV];
	host[0] = port[0] = '\0';
	int err = getnameinfo (gai_iter->ai_addr, gai_iter->ai_addrlen,
		host, sizeof host, port, sizeof port,
		NI_NUMERICHOST | NI_NUMERICSERV);
	if (err)
		print_debug ("%s: %s", "getnameinfo", gai_strerror (err));

	char *address = format_host_port_pair (host, port);
	if (bind (fd, gai_iter->ai_addr, gai_iter->ai_addrlen))
		print_error ("bind to %s failed: %s", address, strerror (errno));
	else if (listen (fd, 16 /* arbitrary number */))
		print_error ("listen on %s failed: %s", address, strerror (errno));
	else
	{
		print_status ("listening on %s", address);
		free (address);
		return fd;
	}

	free (address);
	xclose (fd);
	return -1;
}

static void
irc_listen_resolve (struct server_context *ctx,
	const char *host, const char *port, struct addrinfo *gai_hints)
{
	struct addrinfo *gai_result, *gai_iter;
	int err = getaddrinfo (host, port, gai_hints, &gai_result);
	if (err)
	{
		char *address = format_host_port_pair (host, port);
		print_error ("bind to %s failed: %s: %s",
			address, "getaddrinfo", gai_strerror (err));
		free (address);
		return;
	}

	int fd;
	for (gai_iter = gai_result; gai_iter; gai_iter = gai_iter->ai_next)
	{
		if ((fd = irc_listen (gai_iter)) == -1)
			continue;
		set_blocking (fd, false);

		struct poller_fd *event = &ctx->listen_events[ctx->n_listen_fds];
		poller_fd_init (event, &ctx->poller, fd);
		event->dispatcher = (poller_fd_fn) on_irc_client_available;
		event->user_data = ctx;

		ctx->listen_fds[ctx->n_listen_fds++] = fd;
		poller_fd_set (event, POLLIN);
		break;
	}
	freeaddrinfo (gai_result);
}

static bool
irc_setup_listen_fds (struct server_context *ctx, struct error **e)
{
	const char *bind_host = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "bind_host");
	const char *bind_port = str_map_find (&ctx->config, "bind_port");
	hard_assert (bind_port != NULL);  // We have a default value for this

	struct addrinfo gai_hints;
	memset (&gai_hints, 0, sizeof gai_hints);

	gai_hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
	gai_hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;

	struct str_vector ports;
	str_vector_init (&ports);
	cstr_split_ignore_empty (bind_port, ',', &ports);
	ctx->listen_fds = xcalloc (ports.len, sizeof *ctx->listen_fds);
	ctx->listen_events = xcalloc (ports.len, sizeof *ctx->listen_events);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < ports.len; i++)
		irc_listen_resolve (ctx, bind_host, ports.vector[i], &gai_hints);
	str_vector_free (&ports);

	if (!ctx->n_listen_fds)
	{
		error_set (e, "%s: %s",
			"network setup failed", "no ports to listen on");
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

// --- Main --------------------------------------------------------------------

static void
on_signal_pipe_readable (const struct pollfd *fd, struct server_context *ctx)
{
	char dummy;
	(void) read (fd->fd, &dummy, 1);

	if (g_termination_requested && !ctx->quitting)
		irc_initiate_quit (ctx);
}

static void
daemonize (struct server_context *ctx)
{
	print_status ("daemonizing...");

	if (chdir ("/"))
		exit_fatal ("%s: %s", "chdir", strerror (errno));

	// Because of systemd, we need to exit the parent process _after_ writing
	// a PID file, otherwise our grandchild would receive a SIGTERM
	int sync_pipe[2];
	if (pipe (sync_pipe))
		exit_fatal ("%s: %s", "pipe", strerror (errno));

	pid_t pid;
	if ((pid = fork ()) < 0)
		exit_fatal ("%s: %s", "fork", strerror (errno));
	else if (pid)
	{
		// Wait until all write ends of the pipe are closed, which can mean
		// either success or failure, we don't need to care
		xclose (sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);

		char dummy;
		if (read (sync_pipe[PIPE_READ], &dummy, 1) < 0)
			exit_fatal ("%s: %s", "read", strerror (errno));

		exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
	}

	setsid ();
	signal (SIGHUP, SIG_IGN);

	if ((pid = fork ()) < 0)
		exit_fatal ("%s: %s", "fork", strerror (errno));
	else if (pid)
		exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);

	openlog (PROGRAM_NAME, LOG_NDELAY | LOG_NOWAIT | LOG_PID, 0);
	g_log_message_real = log_message_syslog;

	// Write the PID file (if so configured) and get rid of the pipe, so that
	// the read() in our grandparent finally returns zero (no write ends)
	struct error *e = NULL;
	if (!irc_lock_pid_file (ctx, &e))
		exit_fatal ("%s", e->message);

	xclose (sync_pipe[PIPE_READ]);
	xclose (sync_pipe[PIPE_WRITE]);

	// XXX: we may close our own descriptors this way, crippling ourselves;
	//   there is no real guarantee that we will start with all three
	//   descriptors open.  In theory we could try to enumerate the descriptors
	//   at the start of main().
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		xclose (i);

	int tty = open ("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
	if (tty != 0 || dup (0) != 1 || dup (0) != 2)
		exit_fatal ("failed to reopen FD's: %s", strerror (errno));
}

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
	// Need to call this first as all string maps depend on it
	siphash_wrapper_randomize ();

	static const struct opt opts[] =
	{
		{ 'd', "debug", NULL, 0, "run in debug mode (do not daemonize)" },
		{ 'h', "help", NULL, 0, "display this help and exit" },
		{ 'V', "version", NULL, 0, "output version information and exit" },
		{ 'w', "write-default-cfg", "FILENAME",
		  OPT_OPTIONAL_ARG | OPT_LONG_ONLY,
		  "write a default configuration file and exit" },
		{ 0, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
	};

	struct opt_handler oh;
	opt_handler_init (&oh, argc, argv, opts, NULL, "Experimental IRC daemon.");

	int c;
	while ((c = opt_handler_get (&oh)) != -1)
	switch (c)
	{
	case 'd':
		g_debug_mode = true;
		break;
	case 'h':
		opt_handler_usage (&oh, stdout);
		exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
	case 'V':
		printf (PROGRAM_NAME " " PROGRAM_VERSION "\n");
		exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
	case 'w':
		call_simple_config_write_default (optarg, g_config_table);
		exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
	default:
		print_error ("wrong options");
		opt_handler_usage (&oh, stderr);
		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	opt_handler_free (&oh);

	print_status (PROGRAM_NAME " " PROGRAM_VERSION " starting");
	setup_signal_handlers ();

	SSL_library_init ();
	atexit (EVP_cleanup);
	SSL_load_error_strings ();
	atexit (ERR_free_strings);

	struct server_context ctx;
	server_context_init (&ctx);
	ctx.started = time (NULL);
	irc_register_handlers (&ctx);
	irc_register_cap_handlers (&ctx);

	struct error *e = NULL;
	if (!simple_config_update_from_file (&ctx.config, &e))
	{
		print_error ("error loading configuration: %s", e->message);
		error_free (e);
		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	poller_fd_init (&ctx.signal_event, &ctx.poller, g_signal_pipe[0]);
	ctx.signal_event.dispatcher = (poller_fd_fn) on_signal_pipe_readable;
	ctx.signal_event.user_data = &ctx;
	poller_fd_set (&ctx.signal_event, POLLIN);

	if (!irc_initialize_tls (&ctx, &e)
	 || !irc_initialize_server_name (&ctx, &e)
	 || !irc_initialize_motd (&ctx, &e)
	 || !irc_initialize_catalog (&ctx, &e)
	 || !irc_parse_config (&ctx, &e)
	 || !irc_setup_listen_fds (&ctx, &e))
		exit_fatal ("%s", e->message);

	if (!g_debug_mode)
		daemonize (&ctx);
	else if (!irc_lock_pid_file (&ctx, &e))
		exit_fatal ("%s", e->message);

	ctx.polling = true;
	while (ctx.polling)
		poller_run (&ctx.poller);

	server_context_free (&ctx);
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}